tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4495998373058269892024-03-05T06:09:16.745-05:00Energy and EcologyHun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.comBlogger140125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-24846381025945137212023-04-13T09:17:00.000-04:002023-04-13T09:17:40.065-04:00Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report of the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6)<p><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;">I will make this file available online only until the IPCC releases the full volume.</span></p><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Download URL:</div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a class="x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x6umtig x1b1mbwd xaqea5y xav7gou x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xt0b8zv x1fey0fg" href="https://bit.ly/IPCC-AR6-SYR" rel="nofollow noopener" role="link" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-color: initial; border-style: initial; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; touch-action: manipulation;" tabindex="0" target="_blank">https://bit.ly/IPCC-AR6-SYR</a></span></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" tabindex="-1"></a></span>Title:</div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report of the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6)</b></div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Contents:</div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Summary for Policymakers (SPM) ················ 1</div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Longer Report ················ 37</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Annex I: Glossary ················ 122</div><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Annex II: Acronyms, Chemical Symbols and Scientific Units ················ 140</div></div>Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-46411834947161791802022-05-14T02:32:00.006-04:002022-05-14T02:34:23.733-04:00GHG emissions charts for 228 countries or territories, 1970-2019Because the Paris Agreement mandates all countries to use the GWP-100 values of the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report (“AR5”) to estimate the CO₂-equivalents of their GHG emissions, I made auto-generated charts with AR5-equivalent GHG values.<br />
<hr />
<h2>GHG emissions charts for 228 countries or territories, 1970–2019</h2>
<a href="https://bit.ly/3svmVHt">https://bit.ly/3svmVHt</a><br /><br /><div>
In the Excel file, there are two chart sheets:<br />
<li>I-a Sector-PivotChart: GHG emissions of the country by sector</li><li>II-a Subsector-PivotChart: GHG emissions of the country by subsector</li><div><br /></div>
You can choose the country of your interest by clicking the button in the upper left corner of each chart.<br /><br /></div><div>The following chart is drawn modifying the same Excel file.</div><h4>Cumulative GHG emissions of top 50 countries and others, 1970–2019 (GtCO₂-eq)</h4><div>
<img src="https://bit.ly/3FI0OTy" width="100%" /></div><div><br /></div><div>Data source:<br />Minx, J. C. et al. (2022). <i>A comprehensive and synthetic dataset for global, regional and national greenhouse gas emissions by sector 1970–2018 with an extension to 2019</i> [Data set]. Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.6483002<br /></div>Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-42830901230288545442022-05-02T08:51:00.000-04:002022-05-02T08:51:49.442-04:00Reflections on Water-Food-Ecosystem Nexus after recent reassessment of Planetary Boundaries<p>The planetary boundaries are the nine environmental indices (climate change, biosphere integrity [biodiversity], land-system change [land use], freshwater use, biogeochemical flows, ocean acidification, atmospheric aerosol loading, stratospheric ozone depletion, novel entities), which can help determine how close to or already out of safety limits for humans and ecosystems as a result of human acitivities. It first became famous by a paper published in the journal Nature in 2009 (Rockström et al., 2009), and was updated by a Science paper in 2015 (Steffen et al., 2015) reflecting six years of scientific development and environmental changes. By 2015, 4 out of 9 indices exceeded the global safety limits (climate change, biosphere integrity, land-system change, biogeochemical flow).</p><p>However, in 2022, two important papers were published one after another that even two (wholly or partially) of the remaining four indices exceeded the global safety limits. Persson et al. (2022) were the first to assess the level of ‘increase in novel entities’, which previously had an index due to insufficient data. The authors believe that the production and release of new substances (chemical pollutants, plastics, etc.), which were not present in the geological era, are increasing at a tremendous rate in quantity and types, exceeding society's ability to evaluate and track safety, so that the index has increased. It was judged that the global danger limit was breached.</p><p>And the paper of Wang-Erlandsson et al. (2022), published at the end of April, evaluates that even the level of freshwater use, which until now was considered to be no problem, has exceeded the safe range. The use of blue water (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, & renewable groundwater stores), which has been the standard for evaluating the level of freshwater use so far, is 2,600 km³ year⁻¹, which is within the allowable range (4,600 km³ year⁻¹). However, blue water is not the only fresh water. Much more fresh water is green water (terrestrial precipitation, evaporation, & soil moisture). According to the 6th Assessment Report of the IPCC Working Group II, currently 19,000 km³ of soil moisture is used annually by agriculture and forestry in the world (IPCC, 2022). It is more than 7 times that of blue water.</p><p><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/52044974924_6bf1667b0f_o.png" width="100%" /></p><p>However, the sustainability of green water is completely different from that of blue water. Wang-Erlandsson et al. (2002) selected root-zone soil moisture as a representative indicator of green water. Now (i.es., the 1850–2014 average compared to the mid-Holocene; the 1900–2014 average compared to pre-industrial times), the mean value of the root-zone soil moisture was outside the range of 5~95% of the soil moisture content compared to the mid-Holocene (first 500 years since about 6,000 ago) and pre-industrial times (from 1850 to 1899). That is, they have become significantly wetter or drier than the stable range of soil moisture that has historically supported terrestrial ecosystems. In particular, compared to pre-industrial levels, the average soil moisture deviated completely from the 5–95% range since 1980s for wetter areas and since 1920s for drier areas. The following figure is a comprehensive chart newly drawn by the Stockholm Resilience Center (SRC) that reflects the latest evaluation results.</p><p><a href="https://bit.ly/3s7SgQp">https://bit.ly/3s7SgQp</a></p><p>The IPCC expects these changes to worsen in the future. Current trends (similar to the SSP2-4.5 scenario in which the world implements current climate policies as shown in the following table) suggest a ‘2°C warming relative to pre-industrial levels’ (or 1.8–2.5°C range) likely to materialize in the 2041–2060s.). Then, the population at risk of drought damage due to lack of soil moisture increases by 370% (30–790%), and the duration of soil moisture drought becomes 2-3 times longer than now (IPCC, 2022).</p><p><img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/52045219030_2283067b22_o.png" width="100%" /></p><p>The SRC summarized the findings of Wang-Erlandsson et al. (2022) and explained that green water is particularly closely linked with land use, biodiversity and climate change. Although it is still a rather unfamiliar concept, it can be expected that the crisis of green water will have a negative impact on the future of food (e.g. agriculture based on land use) and ecosystem (inextricably linked with biodiversity). It raises an urgent research topic for researchers studying the Water-Food-Ecosystem Nexus.</p><p><b>References</b></p><p>IPCC. (2021). <i>Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</i>. Cambridge University Press. (In Press).</p><p>IPCC. (2022). <i>Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</i>. Cambridge University Press. (In Press).</p><p>Persson, L., Carney Almroth, B. M., Collins, C. D., Cornell, S., de Wit, C. A., Diamond, M. L., Fantke, P., Hassellöv, M., MacLeod, M., Ryberg, M. W., Søgaard Jørgensen, P., Villarrubia-Gómez, P., Wang, Z., & Hauschild, M. Z. (2022). Outside the Safe Operating Space of the Planetary Boundary for Novel Entities. <i>Environmental Science & Technology</i>, <i>56</i>(3), 1510–1521.</p><p>Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, Å., Chapin, F. S., Lambin, E. F., Lenton, T. M., Scheffer, M., Folke, C., Schellnhuber, H. J., Nykvist, B., de Wit, C. A., Hughes, T., van der Leeuw, S., Rodhe, H., Sörlin, S., Snyder, P. K., Costanza, R., Svedin, U., Falkenmark, M., Karlberg, L., Corell, R. W., Fabry, V. J., Hansen, J., Walker, B., Liverman, D., Richardson, K., Crutzen, P., & Foley, J. A. (2009). A safe operating space for humanity. <i>Nature</i>, <i>461</i>(7263), 472–475.</p><p>Steffen, W., Richardson, K., Rockström, J., Cornell, S. E., Fetzer, I., Bennett, E. M., Biggs, R., Carpenter, S. R., de Vries, W., de Wit, C. A., Folke, C., Gerten, D., Heinke, J., Mace, G. M., Persson, L. M., Ramanathan, V., Reyers, B., & Sörlin, S. (2015). Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. <i>Science</i>, <i>347</i>(6223), 1259855.</p><p>Wang-Erlandsson, L., Tobian, A., van der Ent, R. J., Fetzer, I., te Wierik, S., Porkka, M., Staal, A., Jaramillo, F., Dahlmann, H., Singh, C., Greve, P., Gerten, D., Keys, P. W., Gleeson, T., Cornell, S. E., Steffen, W., Bai, X., & Rockström, J. (2022). A planetary boundary for green water. <i>Nature Reviews Earth & Environment</i>. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00287-8</p>Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-72153542345947985212021-06-03T11:29:00.020-04:002022-01-03T07:56:19.059-05:00Cost of Energy Comparison, Including Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)—2021 Update<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWZb7zd5qFSXQXeJF7gpJjYVLqTJyY_eNlYbf3VeP58Q5tink32tks_PXCwFn_jSreE_dIt906pyuFl59xxjwGRLZiPWpH5ZSSP-D6m8kMzqLuRVciVYt7dyCg0B01bRbDg8gtdcQfypE/s4624/LCOE.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1152" data-original-width="4624" height="112" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWZb7zd5qFSXQXeJF7gpJjYVLqTJyY_eNlYbf3VeP58Q5tink32tks_PXCwFn_jSreE_dIt906pyuFl59xxjwGRLZiPWpH5ZSSP-D6m8kMzqLuRVciVYt7dyCg0B01bRbDg8gtdcQfypE/w449-h112/LCOE.png" width="449" /></a></div><center><br /></center><span style="font-family: inherit;">There must be numerous ways to compare cost of technologies for generation, storage and delivery of energy. The most widely used measure for this purpose has been Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). LCOE is also known as LEC (Levelized Energy Cost), LUEC (Levelized Unit Energy Cost), or busbar cost. LRMC (Long-Run Marginal Cost) is a similar but different measure, although it is often presented by LCOE due to LCOE’s characteristics being a proxy of LRMC </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">(Roughly put: </span>LCOE = capital cost + LRMC; <span style="font-family: inherit;">LRMC = fuel + carbon + variable O&M + fixed O&M</span><span style="font-family: inherit;">).</span><br />
I have been updating this list since April 2010. In this new list for 2021, I tried to include a variety of cost comparison metrics, while continuing to provide extensive references for LCOE.<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">However, let me admit that there are many critics of (or alternatives to) using LCOE as a means of comparing the economics of electricity generation technology options. The three most notable examples of them:</span><br />
<br />Heptonstall, P. J., & Gross, R. J. K. (2021). A systematic review of the costs and impacts of integrating variable renewables into power grids. <i>Nature Energy</i>, <i>6</i>(1), 72–83. [Full-text at <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-020-00695-4">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-020-00695-4</a>];<br /><div>
Horowitz, K. A. W., Palmintier, B., Mather, B., & Denholm, P. (2018). Distribution system costs associated with the deployment of photovoltaic systems. <i>Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews</i>, <i>90</i>, 420–433. [Full-text at <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.080">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.080</a>];<br />
Schmalensee, R. (2016). The Performance of U.S. Wind and Solar Generators. <i>The Energy Journal</i>, <i>37</i>(1), 123–151. [Full-text at <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5547/01956574.37.1.rsch">http://dx.doi.org/10.5547/01956574.37.1.rsch</a>]<br /><div><br /></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>I. Cost of Every Power Technology</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><br /></b>Alberici, S. et al. (2014). <i>Subsidies and Costs of EU energy</i>. (DESNL14583). Ecofys. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/EU-LCOE">http://j.mp/EU-LCOE</a>] | Component cost breakdown for each country at <a href="http://j.mp/EU-LCOE-Component">http://j.mp/EU-LCOE-Component</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">The Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering. (2011). <i>New Power Cost Comparisons: Levelised Cost of Electricity for a Range of New Power Generating Technologies</i>. The Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering (ATSE) [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/l1Sk1j" style="text-decoration-line: none;">http://j.mp/l1Sk1j</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Australian Energy Market Operator. (2017). <i>South Australian Fuel and Technology Report</i>. Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/AEMO_LCOE">http://j.mp/AEMO_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Bedilion, R. (2013). <i>Program on Technology Innovation: Integrated Generation Technology Options 2012</i>. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/EPRI2012">http://j.mp/EPRI2012</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Black & Veatch. (2012). <i>Cost and Performance Data for Power Generation Technologies: Prepared for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory</i>. Black & Veatch Corporation. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/BV_LCOE">http://j.mp/BV_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>BloombergNEF. (2020). <i>2020 Sustainable Energy in America Factbook</i>. Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BloombergNEF) & the Business Council for Sustainable Energy. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/BNEF-LCOE-2020">https://j.mp/BNEF-LCOE-2020</a>]<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Bureau of Resources and Energy Economics (BREE). (2013). <i>Australian Energy Technology Assessment (AETA) 2013 Model Update</i>. Bureau of Resources and Energy Economics (BREE). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/AETA2013">http://j.mp/AETA2013</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Channell, J., Jansen, H. R., Syme, A. R., Savvantidou, S., Morse, E. L., Yuen, A. (2013). Energy Darwinism: The Evolution of the Energy Industry. <i>Citi GPS: Global Perspectives & Solutions</i>. Citigroup. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Citi_LCOE">http://j.mp/Citi_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Climatescope. (2019). </span><i>Emerging Markets Outlook 2019: Energy transition in the world’s fastest growing economies</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BloombergNEF). [Full-text and data </span></span><a href="https://j.mp/Climatescope-2019">https://j.mp/Climatescope-2019</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>Cole, W. et al. (2020). <i>2020 Standard Scenarios Report: A U.S. Electricity Sector Outlook</i>. (NREL/TP-6A20-77442). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. [Website for the “Annual Technology Baseline (ATB)” at <a href="https://atb.nrel.gov/">https://atb.nrel.gov/</a>; Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/ATB-2020">http://j.mp/ATB-2020</a>; Excel spreadsheet at <a href="http://j.mp/ATB-2020-XLS">http://j.mp/ATB-2020-XLS</a>]<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Committee on America’s Energy Future. (2009). </span><i><span style="font-family: inherit;">America</span>’<span style="font-family: inherit;">s Energy Future: Technology and Transformation</span></i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. The National Academies Press. [Full-text at </span><a href="http://bit.ly/8ZsYVM" style="font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;">http://bit.ly/8ZsYVM</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Committee on Climate Change. (2015). <i>Power Sector Scenarios for the Fifth Carbon Budget</i>. Committee on Climate Change. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/UK_LCOE">http://j.mp/UK_LCOE</a>; Data at <a href="http://j.mp/UK_LCOE_XLS">http://j.mp/UK_LCOE_XLS</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Committee on Determinants of Market Adoption of Advanced Energy Efficiency and Clean Energy Technologies. (2016). </span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><i>The Power of Change: Innovation for Development and Deployment of Increasingly Clean Electric Power Technologies</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. The National Academies Press. [Full-text at </span></span></span><a href="http://j.mp/US_LCOE">http://j.mp/US_LCOE</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Danish Energy Agency. (2015). <i>Levelized Cost of Energy Calculator</i>. Danish Energy Agency. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/LCOE_Calculator">http://j.mp/LCOE_Calculator</a>; Spreadsheet at <a href="http://j.mp/LCOE_Calculator_XLSM">http://j.mp/LCOE_Calculator_XLSM</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS). (2020). <i>Electricity Generation Costs 2020</i>. Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/BEIS-2020">http://j.mp/BEIS-2020</a>; Spreadsheet at <a href="http://j.mp/BEIS-2020-XLS">http://j.mp/BEIS-2020-XLS</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Dowling, P., & Gray, M. (2016). <i>End of the Load for Coal and Gas?: Challenging Power Technology Assumptions</i>. Carbon Tracker. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/CarbonTracker_LCOE">http://j.mp/CarbonTracker_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">E3M-Lab. (2016). </span><i style="font-family: inherit;">EU Reference Scenario 2016: Energy, transport and GHG emissions Trends to 2050</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. European Commission. [Full-text at </span><a href="http://j.mp/EU_Reference_LCOE" style="font-family: inherit;">http://j.mp/EU_Reference_LCOE</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Electric Power Research Institute. (2016). <i>Australian Power Generation Technology Report</i>. CO2CRC. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Australia_LCOE">http://j.mp/Australia_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Electricity Generation Costs Verification Working Group (Japan). (2015). <i>Electricity Generation Costs Verification Report for the Long-Term Energy Supply and Demand Outlook Subcommittee</i> (長期エネルギー需給見通し小委員会に対する 発電コスト等の検証に関する報告). Agency for Natural Resources and Energy. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Japan_LCOE_2015">http://j.mp/Japan_LCOE_2015</a>; Power plant specifications at <a href="http://j.mp/Japan_Specs_2015">http://j.mp/Japan_Specs_2015</a>]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Energy and Environment Conference, & Electricity Generation Costs Verification Committee (Japan). (2011). <i>Electricity Generation Costs Verification Report</i>. National Policy Unit, Cabinet Secretariat. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Japan_LCOE">http://j.mp/Japan_LCOE</a>; Summary chart at <a href="http://j.mp/Japan_LCOE_Summary">http://j.mp/Japan_LCOE_Summary</a>; Excel spreadsheet at <a href="http://j.mp/Japan_LCOE_XLS">http://j.mp/Japan_LCOE_XLS</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
ENTSO-E, & ENTSOG. (2019). <i>TYNDP 2020 Scenario Report</i>. ENTSOG (European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas) & ENTSO-E (European Network of Transmission System Operators).[Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/TYNDP2020">https://j.mp/TYNDP2020</a>]<br />Note: TYNDPs = Ten-Year Network Development Plans<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">European Commission. (2008). <i>Commission staff working document accompanying the communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions - Second Strategic Energy Review: an EU energy security and solidarity action plan - Energy Sources, Production Costs and Performance of Technologies for Power Generation, Heating and Transport</i>. SEC(2008) 2872. European Commission. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/9BST2r" style="text-decoration-line: none;">http://j.mp/9BST2r</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Finkel, A. (2017). <i>Independent Review into the Future Security of the National Electricity Market: Blueprint for the Future</i>. Commonwealth of Australia. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Finkel_Review">http://j.mp/Finkel_Review</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Freese, B., Clemmer, S., Martinez, C., & Nogee, A. (2011). <i>A Risky Proposition: The Financial Hazards of New Investments in Coal Plants</i>. Union of Concerned Scientists. [Full-text at: <a href="http://j.mp/Risky_Proposition">http://j.mp/Risky_Proposition</a>; Appendix A (LCOE) at <a href="http://j.mp/UCS_LCOE">http://j.mp/UCS_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Fürstenwerth, D. (2014). <i>Calculator of Levelized Cost of Electricity for Power Generation Technologies</i>. Agora Energiewende. [Excel spreadsheet at <a href="http://j.mp/Agora_LCOE">http://j.mp/Agora_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Google.org. (2011). <i>The Impact of Clean Energy Innovation: Examining the Impact of Clean Energy Innovation on the United States Energy System and Economy</i>. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Google_CEI">http://j.mp/Google_CEI</a>]</span><br />
<span><br />Graham, P., Hayward, J., Foster, J. & Havas, L. (2021). <i>GenCost 2020–21</i>. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Australia-LCOE">http://j.mp/Australia-LCOE</a>]<br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Greenstone, M., & Looney, A. (2011). <i>A Strategy for America’s Energy Future: Illuminating Energy’s Full Costs</i>. The Brookings Institution. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/mqEXUQ">http://j.mp/mqEXUQ</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2014).<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><i>Working Group III Contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change</i>. </span>Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse;">. [Full-text at <a href="http://mitigation2014.org/">http://mitigation2014.org</a> (Find in <i>Chapter 7: Energy Systems</i>.)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse;">]</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">International Energy Agency. (2014). </span><i style="font-family: inherit;">The Power of Transformation: Wind, Sun and the Economics of Flexible Power Systems</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. IEA Publications. [Full-text at </span><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264208032-en" style="font-family: inherit;">http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264208032-en</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">International Energy Agency. (2015). <i>Energy Technology Perspectives 2015: Mobilising Innovation to Accelerate Climate Action</i>. IEA Publications. [Full-text at <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/20792603">http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/20792603</a> | <a href="http://www.iea.org/Textbase/npsum/ETP2015SUM.pdf">Executive Summary</a> | <a href="http://www.iea.org/etp/tracking2015/">Tracking Clean Energy Progress 2015</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">International Energy Agency. (2016). <i>Energy Technology Perspectives 2016: Towards Sustainable Urban Energy Systems</i>. IEA Publications. [Full-text at <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/energy_tech-2016-en">http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/energy_tech-2016-en</a> | <a href="http://www.iea.org/Textbase/npsum/ETP2016SUM.pdf">Executive Summary</a> | <a href="http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/TrackingCleanEnergyProgress2016.pdf">Tracking Clean Energy Progress 2016</a>]<br /><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">International Energy Agency. (2017). </span><i>Energy Technology Perspectives 2017: Catalysing Energy Technology Transformations</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. IEA Publications. [Full-text at <a href="http://doi.org/">http://doi.org/</a></span></span><a href="http://10.0.6.251/energy_tech-2017-en">10.1787/energy_tech-2017-en</a><span style="font-family: inherit;"> | </span><a href="http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/EnergyTechnologyPerspectives2017ExecutiveSummaryEnglishversion.pdf" style="font-family: inherit;">Executive Summary</a><span style="font-family: inherit;"> | </span><a href="http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/TrackingCleanEnergyProgress2017.pdf" style="font-family: inherit;">Tracking Clean Energy Progress 2017</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span></span><br />
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<br />
International Energy Agency. (2017). <i>World Energy Investment 2017</i>. IEA Publications. [Full-text at <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264277854-en">http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264277854-en</a>]<br />
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">International Energy Agency (IEA), & International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). (2017). <i>Perspectives for the Energy Transition: Investment Needs for a Low-Carbon Energy System</i>. Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi; Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/IEA_IRENA_2DS">http://j.mp/IEA_IRENA_2DS</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
International Energy Agency, & Nuclear Energy Agency. (2015). <i>Projected Costs of Generating Electricity - 2015 Edition</i>. OECD Publications. [Full-text at <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/cost_electricity-2015-en">http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/cost_electricity-2015-en</a>; Corrigendum at <a href="http://j.mp/IEA2015LCOE_Corrigendum">http://j.mp/IEA2015LCOE_Corrigendum</a>; Executive summary at <a href="http://j.mp/IEA2015LCOE_ES">http://j.mp/IEA2015LCOE_ES</a> | Presentation slides at <a href="http://j.mp/IEA2015LCOE_PPT">http://j.mp/IEA2015LCOE_PPT</a>]<br />
<span><br />International Energy Agency (IEA), & Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA). (2020). <i>Projected Costs of Generating Electricity—2020 Edition</i>. OECD Publishing. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/IEA-LCOE-2020">http://j.mp/IEA-LCOE-2020</a>]<br /><br /><div>International Energy Agency (IEA). (2020). <i>World Energy Model Documentation: 2020 Version</i>. International Energy Agency (IEA). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/WEM-2020">http://j.mp/WEM-2020</a>]</div><div><span><br /></span></div><div><span>International Energy Agency (IEA). (2021). <i>Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector</i>. IEA Publications. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/NZE-LCOE">http://j.mp/NZE-LCOE</a>]</span></div><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Irlam, L. (2015). <i>The Costs of CCS and Other Low-Carbon Technologies in the United States: 2015 Update</i>. Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/CCS_Costs">http://j.mp/CCS_Costs</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Joskow, P. L. (2011). Comparing the Costs of Intermittent and Dispatchable Electricity Generating Technologies. <i>EUI Working Paper RSCAS</i> (Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies), 2011/45. European University Institute. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Joskow_EUI">http://j.mp/Joskow_EUI</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Kaplan, S. (2008). <i>Power Plants: Characteristics and Costs</i>. CRS Report for Congress, RL34746. Congressional Research Service. [Full-text at <a href="http://bit.ly/d7M0Ja" style="text-decoration-line: none;">http://bit.ly/d7M0Ja</a>]<br /><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />Küchler, S., & Meyer, B. (2012). </span><i style="font-family: inherit;">The full costs of power generation: A comparison of subsidies and societal cost of renewable and conventional energy sources</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. Greenpeace Energy eG; Bundesverband WindEnergie (BWE; German Wind Energy Association). [Full-text at </span><a href="http://j.mp/Full_Costs" style="font-family: inherit;">http://j.mp/Full_Costs</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><div>Lazard Ltd. (2021). <i>Lazard’s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis—Version 15.0</i>. Lazard Ltd. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/Lazard-LCOE-v15">https://j.mp/Lazard-LCOE-v15</a>]<br />
<span><br />Leidos, Inc. (2020). <i>Distributed Generation, Battery Storage, and Combined Heat and Power System Characteristics and Costs in the Buildings and Industrial Sectors</i>. U.S. Energy Information Administration. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/DG-LCOE">https://j.mp/DG-LCOE</a>]<br /><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Liebreich, M., Zindler, E., Tringas, T., Gurung, A., & von Bismarck, M. (2011). <i>Green Investing 2011: Reducing the Cost of Financing</i>. World Economic Forum. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/BNEF-WEF-2011">http://j.mp/BNEF-WEF-2011</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>Logan, J. et al. (2017). <i>Electricity Generation Baseline Report</i>. (NREL/TP-6A20-67645). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/EG_Baseline_LCOE">http://j.mp/EG_Baseline_LCOE</a>]<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">Matsuo, Y., Yamaguchi, Y., & Murakami, T. (2013). </span><i><span style="font-family: inherit;">Historical Trends in Japan</span>’<span style="font-family: inherit;">s Long-Term Power Generation Costs by Source: Assessed by Using Corporate Financial Statements</span></i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (IEEJ). [Full-text at </span><a href="http://j.mp/JP_Gen_Cost" style="font-family: inherit;">http://j.mp/JP_Gen_Cost</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Mott MacDonald. (2011). <i>Costs of low-carbon generation technologies</i>. Committee on Climate Change. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Mott-MacDonald">http://j.mp/Mott-MacDonald</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (2013). <i>Transparent Cost Database: Generation</i>. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. [Data at <a href="http://en.openei.org/apps/TCDB/">http://en.openei.org/apps/TCDB/</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (2016). <i>Levelized Cost of Energy Calculator</i>. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. [Website at <a href="http://j.mp/LCOE_NREL">http://j.mp/LCOE_NREL</a>]</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>Neff, B. (2019). <i>Estimated Cost of New Utility-Scale Generation in California: 2018 Update</i>. (CEC-200-2019-005). California Energy Commission. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/CEC-LCOE">http://j.mp/CEC-LCOE</a>]<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Nitsch, J. et al. (2012). <i>Langfristszenarien und Strategien für den Ausbau der Erneuerbaren Energien in Deutschland bei Berücksichtigung der Entwicklung in Europa und Global</i> (Long-term scenarios and strategies for the deployment of renewable energies in Germany in view of European and global developments). Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/German_LCOE">http://j.mp/German_LCOE</a>; Technical annex at <a href="http://j.mp/German_LCOE_Annex">http://j.mp/German_LCOE_Annex</a>; Data at <a href="http://j.mp/German_LCOE_XLS">http://j.mp/German_LCOE_XLS</a>]</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Parsons Brinckerhoff. (2013). <i>Electricity Generation Cost Model - 2013 Update of Non-Renewable Technologies</i>. Department for Energy and Climate Change. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/UK_NonRE_LCOE">http://j.mp/UK_NonRE_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Paul Scherrer Institut. (2010). Sustainable Electricity: Wishful thinking or near-term reality? <i>Energie-Spiegel: Facts for the Energy Decisions of Tomorrow</i>, <i>20</i>. Paul Scherrer Institut. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Energie-Spiegel">http://j.mp/Energie-Spiegel</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI). (2017). <i>Potentials, Costs and Environmental Assessment of Electricity Generation Technologies</i>. Bundesamt für Energie (BFE; Swiss Federal Office of Energy [SFOE]). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Swiss_LCOE">http://j.mp/Swiss_LCOE</a>; Synthesis at <a href="http://j.mp/Swiss_LCOE_Synthesis">http://j.mp/Swiss_LCOE_Synthesis</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Pourreza, S. et al. (2014). <i>Evolving Economics of Power and Alternative Energy</i>. Citi Research. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Citi_LCOE_2014">http://j.mp/Citi_LCOE_2014</a>]</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Pöyry. (2013). <i>Technology Supply Curves for Low-Carbon Power Generation: A Report to the Committee on Climate Change</i>. Pöyry Management Consulting. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/LowCarbonLCOE">http://j.mp/LowCarbonLCOE</a>]</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Ram, M., Child, M., Aghahosseini, A., Bogdanov, D., & Poleva, A. (2017). </span><i style="font-family: inherit;">Comparing Electricity Production Costs of Renewables to Fossil and Nuclear Power Plants in G20 Countries</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. Greenpeace. [Full-text at </span><a href="http://j.mp/Greenpeace_LCOE" style="font-family: inherit;">http://j.mp/Greenpeace_LCOE</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span><br />
<br />
Rhodes, J. D. et al. (2016). <i>New U.S. Power Costs: by County, with Environmental Externalities—A Geographically Resolved Method to Estimate Levelized Power Plant Costs with Environmental Externalities</i>. "The Full Cost of Electricity (FCe-)" initiative. Energy Institute, The University of Texas at Austin. [Full-text at: <a href="http://j.mp/US_Power_LCOE">http://j.mp/US_Power_LCOE</a>; Calculator at <a href="http://j.mp/US_Power_LCOE_Calc">http://j.mp/US_Power_LCOE_Calc</a>]<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Schröder, A., Kunz, F., Meiss, J., Mendelevitch, R., & von Hirschhausen, C. (2013). <i>Current and prospective costs of electricity generation until 2050</i>. (Data Documentation, No. 68). Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW Berlin; the German Institute for Economic Research). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/DIW_LCOE">http://j.mp/DIW_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
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<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Siemens Wind Power. (2014). <i>SCOE – Society’s costs of electricity: How society should find its optimal energy mix</i>. Siemens AG. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Siemens_SCOE">http://j.mp/Siemens_SCOE</a>]</span><br />
<div style="font-family: "libre baskerville"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
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</div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Skone, T. J., Littlefield, J., Cooney, G., & Marriott, J. (2013). <i>Power Generation Technology Comparison from a Life Cycle Perspective</i>. (DOE/NETL-2012/1567). National Energy Technology Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/NETL_LCOE">http://j.mp/NETL_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Stacy, T. F., & Taylor, G. S. (2019). </span><i>The Levelized Cost of Electricity from Existing Generation Resources</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. Institute for Energy Research. [Full-text at </span><a href="https://j.mp/IER-LCOE" style="font-family: inherit;">https://j.mp/IER-LCOE</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span></span><br />
<br />Timilsina, G. R. (2020). <i>Demystifying the Costs of Electricity Generation Technologies</i>. Policy Research Working Paper, 9303. World Bank. [Full-text at <a href="#" id="https://j.mp/WorldBank-LCOE" name="https://j.mp/WorldBank-LCOE">https://j.mp/WorldBank-LCOE</a>]<br /><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">U.S. Department of Energy. (2015). <i>Quadrennial Technology Review: An Assessment of Energy Technologies and Research Opportunities</i>. U.S. Department of Energy. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/QTR_2015">http://j.mp/QTR_2015</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span><span style="font-family: inherit;">U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2021). </span><span><i>Levelized Costs of New Generation Resources in the Annual Energy Outlook 2021</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. U.S. Energy Information Administration. [Full-text at </span></span></span><a href="http://j.mp/AEO2021-LCOE">http://j.mp/AEO2021-LCOE</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span></div><div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Veiga, M. M., Álvarez, P. F., Moraleda, M. F.-M., & Kleinsorge, A. (2013). <i>Study on Cost and Business Comparison of Renewable vs. Non-renewable Technologies (RE-COST)</i>. IEA - Renewable Energy Technology Deployment (RETD). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/RE-COST">http://j.mp/RE-COST</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">VGB PowerTech. (2015). <i>Levelised Cost of Electricity 2015</i>. VGB PowerTech Service. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/VGB_LCOE">http://j.mp/VGB_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">World Energy Council, & Bloomberg New Energy Finance. (2013). <i>World Energy Perspective: Cost of Energy Technologies</i>. World Energy Council. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/WEC_LCOE">http://j.mp/WEC_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><b>II. Cost of Renewable Power</b><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><b>II-1. Renewable Power Cost Comparison</b><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>Artelys, Armines, & Energies Demain. (2016). <i>A 100% Renewable Electricity Mix? Analysis and Optimisation: Exploring the Boundaries of Renewable Power generation in France by 2050</i>. Agence de l’environnement et de la maîtrise de l’énergie (ADEME; French Environment and Energy Management Agency). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/France_LCOE">http://j.mp/France_LCOE</a>]<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">Black & Veatch Corporation. (2010).</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><i>Renewable Energy Transmission Initiative Phase 2B: Final Report</i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">. RETI Stakeholder Steering Committee. [Full-text at</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://j.mp/8ZbLPl" style="text-decoration-line: none;">http://j.mp/8ZbLPl</a></span></b>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">De Jager, D. et al. (2011). <i>Financing Renewable Energy in the European Energy Market</i>. (PECPNL084659). European Commission. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/EU_RE_LCOE">http://j.mp/EU_RE_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">E3: Energy + Environmental Economics. (2015). </span><i>CPUC RPS Calculator</i>. California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC). [XLSM spreadsheet at <a href="http://j.mp/CPUC_RPS_LCOE">http://j.mp/CPUC_RPS_LCOE</a>]<br />
<br />European Commission. (2020). <i>Clean Energy Transition – Technologies and Innovations Report (CETTIR)</i>. (SWD(2020) 953 final). European Commission. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/LCOE-EU">https://j.mp/LCOE-EU</a>]<br /><br />
Frankfurt School-UNEP Collaborating Centre, & BloombergNEF. (2020). <i>Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment 2020</i>. Frankfurt School of Finance & Management. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/RE-Investment-2020">https://j.mp/RE-Investment-2020</a>]<br />
<br />Gorman, W. (2020). <i>The Rise of the Hybrid Power Plant</i>. (DE-AC02-05CH11231). Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. [Slides at <a href="http://j.mp/Hybrid-LCOE">http://j.mp/Hybrid-LCOE</a>]<div><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Hearps, P., & McConnell, D. (2011). <i>Renewable Energy Technology Cost Review</i>. Melbourne Energy Institute. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/iYoa6E" style="text-decoration-line: none;">http://j.mp/iYoa6E</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />IEA-ETSAP, & IRENA. (2013). <i>Technology Briefs</i> (of 10 Renewable Energy Technologies). International Renewable Energy Agency. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/ETSAP_IRENA">http://j.mp/ETSAP_IRENA</a>]</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2012).</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: inherit;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: inherit;"><i>IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation</i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: inherit;">. Cambridge University Press. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/SRREN">http://j.mp/SRREN</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: inherit;">]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span>International Energy Agency. (2019). <i>Renewables 2019: Analysis and forecast to 2024</i>. IEA Publications. [Full-text at <a href="https://doi.org/10.1787/25202774">https://doi.org/10.1787/25202774</a>]<br />
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">International Renewable Energy Agency. (2014). <i>REmap 2030: A Renewable Energy Roadmap, June 2014</i>. IRENA Secretariat. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/REmap2030">http://j.mp/REmap2030</a>]</span><br />
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<div>
<span style="font-family: "malgun gothic";">International Renewable Energy Agency. (2012). </span><i style="font-family: inherit;">Renewable Energy Technologies: Cost Analysis Series - Volume 1: Power Sector</i><span style="font-family: "malgun gothic";">. IRENA Secretariat. [Full-text: </span><a href="http://j.mp/IRENA_Wind" style="font-family: inherit;">http://j.mp/IRENA_Wind</a><span style="font-family: "malgun gothic";">; </span><a href="http://j.mp/IRENA_PV" style="font-family: inherit;">http://j.mp/IRENA_PV</a><span style="font-family: "malgun gothic";">; </span><a href="http://j.mp/IRENA_Hydro" style="font-family: inherit;">http://j.mp/IRENA_Hydro</a><span style="font-family: "malgun gothic";">; </span><a href="http://j.mp/IRENA_CSP" style="font-family: inherit;">http://j.mp/IRENA_CSP</a><span style="font-family: "malgun gothic";">; </span><a href="http://j.mp/IRENA_Biomass" style="font-family: inherit;">http://j.mp/IRENA_Biomass</a><span style="font-family: "malgun gothic";">]</span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">International Renewable Energy Agency. (2016). </span><i style="font-family: inherit;">The Power to Change: Solar and Wind Cost Reduction Potential to 2025</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. IRENA Secretariat. [Full-text at </span><a href="http://j.mp/Solar_Wind" style="font-family: inherit;">http://j.mp/Solar_Wind</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span></span><br />
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IRENA. (2019). <i>Global Energy Transformation: A Roadmap to 2050 (2019 edition)</i>. International Renewable Energy Agency. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/REmap-2050">https://j.mp/REmap-2050</a>]<br />
<br />IRENA. (2021). <i>Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2020</i>. International Renewable Energy Agency. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/IRENA-Costs-2020">https://j.mp/IRENA-Costs-2020</a>]<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span>Jacobson, M. Z., Delucchi, M. A., Cameron, M. A., Coughlin, S. J., Hay, C. A., Manogaran, I. P., Shu, Y., & von Krauland, A.-K. (2019). Impacts of Green New Deal Energy Plans on Grid Stability, Costs, Jobs, Health, and Climate in 143 Countries. <i>One Earth</i>, <i>1</i>(4), 449–463. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/3zhGwgE">https://j.mp/3zhGwgE</a>; Excel spreadshet at <a href="https://j.mp/3FRx85U">https://j.mp/3FRx85U</a>]<br /><br /></span><span>Jacobson, M. Z., von Krauland, A.-K., Coughlin, S. J., Palmer, F. C., & Smith, M. M. (2022). Zero air pollution and zero carbon from all energy at low cost and without blackouts in variable weather throughout the U.S. with 100% wind-water-solar and storage. <i>Renewable Energy</i>, <i>184</i>, 430–442. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/3JCcMQs">https://j.mp/3JCcMQs</a>; Excel spreadsheet at <a href="https://j.mp/3qMqUOc">https://j.mp/3qMqUOc</a>]<br /><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Kost, C. et al. (2018). <i>Levelized Cost of Electricity – Renewable Energy Technologies</i>. Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/LCOE_Fraunhofer">http://j.mp/LCOE_Fraunhofer</a>]</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Ove Arup & Partners Ltd. (2011). </span><i style="font-family: inherit;">Review of the generation costs and deployment potential of renewable electricity technologies in the UK</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. Department of Energy and Climate Change. [Full-text a</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: inherit;">t </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://j.mp/UK_Renewable_LCOE">http://j.mp/UK_Renewable_LCOE</a></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Ram, M. et al. (2017). <i>Global Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energy—Power Sector</i>. Lappeenranta University of Technology & Energy Watch Group. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/LUT_EWG_LCOE">http://j.mp/LUT_EWG_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">REN21. (2019). <i>Renewables 2019 Global Status Report</i>. REN21 Secretariat. <span style="font-family: inherit;">[Full-text at </span></span><a href="https://j.mp/REN2019GSR">https://j.mp/REN2019GSR</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>Sustainable Energy Advantage<span style="font-family: inherit;">, LLC. (2011). </span><i>Cost of Renewable Energy Spreadsheet Tool (CREST)</i>. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. [Excel files at <a href="http://j.mp/CREST_LCOE">http://j.mp/CREST_LCOE</a>]<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Syed, A. et al. (2014). <i>Asia Pacific Renewable Energy Assessment</i>. Bureau of Resources and Energy Economics (BREE). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Asia-Pacific_RE_LCOE">http://j.mp/Asia-Pacific_RE_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Tesniere, L. et al. (2017). <i>Mapping the cost of capital for wind and solar energy in South Eastern European Member States</i>. Ecofys. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/SE_EU_LCOE">http://j.mp/SE_EU_LCOE</a>]</span></div><div><br /></div><div><div>資源エネルギー庁. (2020). 第63回 調達価格等算定委員会: 太陽光発電について & 風力発電について. 経済産業省. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Solar-Japan" target="_blank">太陽光発電</a> (solar PV) | <a href="http://j.mp/Wind-Japan" target="_blank">風力発電</a> wind power)].</div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>II-2. Biomass</b><b> Power</b></span><br />
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">LCICG. (2012). <i>Technology Innovation Needs Assessment (TINA): Bioenergy - Summary Report</i>. Low Carbon Innovation Co-ordination Group (LCICG). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/LCICG_Bioenergy">http://j.mp/LCICG_Bioenergy</a>]</span></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>II-3. Geothermal</b><b> Power</b></span><br />
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Limberger, J. et al. (2014). Assessing the prospective resource base for enhanced geothermal systems in Europe. <i>Geothermal Energy Science</i>, <i>2</i>. 55–71. [Full-text at <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gtes-2-55-2014">http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gtes-2-55-2014</a>]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">National Energy Technology Laboratory. (2012). <i>Role of Alternative Energy Sources: Geothermal Technology Assessment</i>. (NETL/DOE-2011/1531). National Energy Technology Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/NETL_Geothermal">http://j.mp/NETL_Geothermal</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">U.S. Department of Energy. (2019). <i>GeoVision: Harnessing the Heat Beneath Our Feet</i>. (DOE/EE–1306). U.S. Department of Energy. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/Geothermal-LCOE">https://j.mp/Geothermal-LCOE</a>]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>II-4. Hydro</b><b> Power</b></span><br />
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">European Small Hydropower Association. (2012). <i>Small Hydropower Roadmap: Condensed research data for EU-27</i>. European Small Hydropower Association. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Small_Hydro_LCOE">http://j.mp/Small_Hydro_LCOE</a>; Data at <a href="http://streammap.esha.be/19.0.html">http://streammap.esha.be/19.0.html</a>]</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Kurup, P. et al. (2018). <i>Analysis of Supply Chains and Advanced Manufacturing of Small Hydropower Systems</i>. (NREL/TP-6A20-71511). Clean Energy Manufacturing Analysis Center. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Hydro_LCOE">http://j.mp/Hydro_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">National Energy Technology Laboratory. (2012). <i>Role of Alternative Energy Sources: Hydropower Technology Assessment</i>. (NETL/DOE-2011/1519). National Energy Technology Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/NETL_Hydro">http://j.mp/NETL_Hydro</a>]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>II-5. Marine </b><b>(Wave, Tide)</b><b> Power</b></span><br />
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Badcock-Broe, A. et al. (2014). <i>Wave and Tidal Energy Market Deployment Strategy for Europe</i>. Strategic Initiative for Ocean Energy (SI OCEAN). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Wave_Tide_LCOE">http://j.mp/Wave_Tide_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
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</div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Carbon Trust, University of Edinburgh, & JRC. (2013). <i>Ocean Energy: Cost of Energy and Cost Reduction Opportunities</i>. Strategic Initiative for Ocean Energy (SI OCEAN). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Ocean_LCOE">http://j.mp/Ocean_LCOE</a>]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Commission Staff. (2014). <i>Impact Assessment: Accompanying the document Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions - Ocean Energy: Action needed to deliver on the potential of ocean energy by 2020 and beyond</i>. (SWD(2014) 13 final). European Commission. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/OceanE_LCOE">http://j.mp/OceanE_LCOE</a>]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">LCICG. (2012). <i>Technology Innovation Needs Assessment (TINA): Marine Energy - Summary Report</i>. Low Carbon Innovation Co-ordination Group (LCICG). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/LCICG_Marine">http://j.mp/LCICG_Marine</a>]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>Magagna, D., & Uihlein, A. (2015). <i>2014 JRC Ocean Energy Status Report: Technology, market and economic aspects of ocean energy in Europe</i>. Joint Research Centre, European Commission. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/EU_Ocean_LCOE">http://j.mp/EU_Ocean_LCOE</a>]<br />
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Neary, V. S. et al. (2014). <i>Methodology for Design and Economic Analysis of Marine Energy Conversion (MEC) Technologies</i>. Sandia National Laboratories. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Marine_LCOE">http://j.mp/Marine_LCOE</a>]</span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div><span>Noble, D. R. et al. (2021). <i>Advanced Design Tools for Ocean Energy Systems Innovation, Development and Deployment: Feasibility and cost-benefit analysis</i>. DTOceanPlus. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Ocean-LCOE">http://j.mp/Ocean-LCOE</a>]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<b>II-6. Solar Photovoltaic (and Thermal) Power</b><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Al Matin, M. A. et al. (2019). <i>LCOE Analysis for Grid-Connected PV Systems of Utility Scale Across Selected ASEAN Countries</i>. Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/ASEAN-PV">http://j.mp/ASEAN-PV</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Australian Energy Council. (2020). <i>Solar Report</i>. (Quarterly). Australian Energy Council. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Australia_PV_Quarterly">http://j.mp/Australia_PV_Quarterly</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Baker, E., Fowlie, M., Lemoine, D., & Reynolds, S. S. (2013). The Economics of Solar Electricity. <i>Annual Review of Resource Economics</i>, <i>5</i>, 387-426. [Full-text at <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-091912-151843">http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-091912-151843</a>]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div><span>Barbose, G., Darghouth, N., O’Shaughnessy, E., & Forrester, S. (2021). <i>Tracking the Sun: Pricing and Design Trends for Distributed Photovoltaic Systems in the United States — 2021 Edition</i>. (DE-AC02-05CH11231). Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/US-PV-2021">https://j.mp/US-PV-2021</a>; Excel spreadsheet at <a href="https://j.mp/US-PV-2021-XLS">https://j.mp/US-PV-2021-XLS</a>]</span></div><div><span><br /></span></div><div><div>Bolinger, M., Seel, J., Warner, C., & Robson, D. (2021). <i>Utility-Scale Solar, 2021 Edition: Empirical Trends in Deployment, Technology, Cost, Performance, PPA Pricing, and Value in the United States</i>. (DE-AC02-05CH11231). Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/Utility-PV-2021">https://j.mp/Utility-PV-2021</a>; Excel spreadsheet at <a href="https://j.mp/Utility-PV-2021-XLS">https://j.mp/Utility-PV-2021-XLS</a>]</div></div><div><span><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;">Breyer, C., & Gerlach, A. (2013). Global overview on grid-parity. </span><i style="font-family: inherit;">Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">, </span><i style="font-family: inherit;">21</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">(1), 121–136. [Full-text at </span><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.1254" style="font-family: inherit;">http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.1254</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Briano, J. I., Báez, M. J., & Morales, R. M. (2016). </span><i style="font-family: inherit;">PV Grid Parity Monitor </i><span style="font-family: inherit;">(Commercial, Residential, and Utility Sectors)</span><span style="font-family: inherit;">. Creara. [Full-text at </span><a href="http://j.mp/PV_GridParity" style="font-family: inherit;">http://j.mp/PV_GridParity</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span><br />
<div style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Bronski, P., Creyts, J., Crowdis, M., Doig, S., Glassmire, J., Guccione, L, Lilienthal, P., Mandel, J., Rader, B., Seif, D., Tocco, H., & Touati, H. (2015). <i>The Economics of Load Defection: How Grid-Connected Solar-Plus-Battery Systems Will Compete with Traditional Electric Service, Why It Matters, and Possible Paths Forward</i>. Rocky Mountain Institute. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Solar_Battery_Cost">http://j.mp/Solar_Battery_Cost</a>]</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Darling, S. B., You, F., Veselka, T., & Velosa, A. (2011). Assumptions and the levelized cost of energy for photovoltaics. <i>Energy & Environmental Science</i>, <i>4</i>, 3133–3139. [Full-text at <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0ee00698j">http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0ee00698j</a>]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Denholm, P., O’Connell, M., Brinkman, G., & Jorgenson, J. (2015). <i>Overgeneration from Solar Energy in California: A Field Guide to the Duck Chart</i>. (NREL/TP-6A20-65023). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/CA_PV_LCOE">http://j.mp/CA_PV_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div><span>Feldman, D. et al. (2021). <i>U.S. Solar Photovoltaic System and Energy Storage Cost Benchmark: Q1 2020</i>. (NREL/TP-6A20-77324). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/US-PV-LCOE">http://j.mp/US-PV-LCOE</a>]</span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
Fraunhofer ISE. (2021). <i>Photovoltaics Report, 30 June 2021</i>. Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, ISE. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/PV-Report">http://j.mp/PV-Report</a>]<br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">IEA PVPS. (2016). <i>Trends 2016 in Photovoltaic Applications: </i><i>Survey Report of Selected IEA Countries between 1992 and 2015</i>. (IEA PVPS T1-30:2016).</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"> IEA Photovoltaic Power System Programme. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/PVPS2016">http://j.mp/PVPS2016</a>]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">IRENA. (2017). <i>IRENA Cost and Competitiveness Indicators: Rooftop Solar PV</i>. International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Rooftop_PV">http://j.mp/Rooftop_PV</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">IRENA. (2019). <i>Future of Solar Photovoltaic: Deployment, investment, technology, grid integration and socio-economic aspects</i>. International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/IRENA-PV">http://j.mp/IRENA-PV</a>]</span><br />
<span><br />IRENA. (2021). <i>Offshore Renewables: An Action Agenda for Deployment</i>. International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/Offshore-LCOE">https://j.mp/Offshore-LCOE</a>]<br /><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Jäger-Waldau, A. (2019). <i>PV Status Report 2019</i>. (EUR 29938 EN). Publications Office of the European Union. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/JRC-PV">http://j.mp/JRC-PV</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Jones-Albertus, R., Feldman, D., Fu, R., Horowitz, K., & Woodhouse, M. (2015). <i>Technology Advances Needed for Photovoltaics to Achieve Widespread Grid Price Parity</i>. Department of Energy. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/PV_Grid_Parity">http://j.mp/PV_Grid_Parity</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Kimura, K. (2019). <i>Solar Power Generation Costs in Japan: Current Status and Future Outlook</i>. Renewable Energy Institute. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/Japan-PV">https://j.mp/Japan-PV</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">KPMG. (2015). <i>UK Solar beyond Subsidy: The Transition</i>. Renewable Energy Association. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/UK_PV_LCOE">http://j.mp/UK_PV_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Mendelsohn, M., Kreycik, C., Bird, L., Schwabe, P., & Cory, K. (2012). <i>The Impact of Financial Structure on the Cost of Solar Energy</i>. (NREL/TP-6A20-53086). [Full-text at <a href="http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/53086.pdf">http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/53086.pdf</a>]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). (2012). </span><i style="font-family: inherit;">SunShot Vision Study</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. (DOE/GO-102012-3037). U.S. Department of Energy. [Full-text at </span><a href="http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/pdfs/47927.pdf" style="font-family: inherit;">http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/pdfs/47927.pdf</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE). (2016). <i>The SunShot Initiative’s 2030 Goal: 3¢ per Kilowatt Hour for Solar Electricity</i>. (DOE/EE-1501). U.S. Department of Energy. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/SunShot2030LCOE">http://j.mp/SunShot2030LCOE</a>; Presentation slides at <a href="http://j.mp/SunShot2030LCOE_PPTX">http://j.mp/SunShot2030LCOE_PPTX</a>]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Philipps, S. P., Kost, C., & Schlegl, T. (2014). <i>Up-to-Date Levelised Cost of Electricity of Photovoltaics: Background from Fraunhofer ISE Relating to IPCC WGIII 5th Assessment Report, Final Draft, September 2014</i>. Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE (Institut für Solare Energiesysteme). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/LCOE_PV">http://j.mp/LCOE_PV</a>]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Reichelstein, S., & Yorston, M. (2012). Solar-LCOE Calculator. [Excel spreadsheet at <a href="http://j.mp/Reichelstein_LCOE">http://j.mp/Reichelstein_LCOE</a>; Developed for the following paper: Reichelstein, S., & Yorston, M. (2013). The prospects for cost competitive solar PV power. <i>Energy Policy</i>, <i>55</i>, 117-127. [Full-text at <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.11.003">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.11.003</a>]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Rutovitz, J. et al. (2014). <i>Breaking the solar gridlock: Potential benefits of installing concentrating solar thermal power at constrained locations in the NEM</i>. Institute for Sustainable Futures, UTS (University of Technology, Sydney). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/CSP_LCOE_AU">http://j.mp/CSP_LCOE_AU</a>]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Schmalensee, R. et al. (2015). <i>The Future of Solar Energy: An Interdisciplinary MIT Study</i>. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/MIT_Solar_LCOE">http://j.mp/MIT_Solar_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Shah, V., & Booream-Phelps, J. (2015). <i>Crossing the Chasm: Solar Grid Parity in a Low Oil Price Era</i>. Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Solar_Grid_Parity">http://j.mp/Solar_Grid_Parity</a>]</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div><span>Smith, B. L. et al. (2021). <i>Photovoltaic (PV) Module Technologies: 2020 Benchmark Costs and Technology Evolution Framework Results</i>. (NREL/TP-7A40-78173). National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/PV-Techs">https://j.mp/PV-Techs</a>]</span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">SunPower Corporation. (2011). </span><i style="font-family: inherit;">Grid-Competitive Residential and Commercial Fully Automated PV Systems Technology</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. (DE-FC136-07GO17043). U.S. Department of Energy. [Full-text at </span><a href="http://j.mp/SunPower_LCOE" style="font-family: inherit;">http://j.mp/SunPower_LCOE</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>Tjengdrawira, C., Richter, M., & Theologitis, I.-T. (2016). <i>Best Practice Guidelines for PV </i><i>Cost Calculation: Accounting for Technical Risks and Assumptions in PV LCOE</i>. Solar Bankability Consortium. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/PV_Risks_LCOE">http://j.mp/PV_Risks_LCOE</a>]<br />
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Tsuchida, B. et al. (2015). <i>Comparative Generation Costs of Utility-Scale and Residential-Scale PV in Xcel Energy Colorado’s Service Area</i>. The Brattle Group. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/PV_PV_LCOE">http://j.mp/PV_PV_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Vartiainen, E., Masson, G., & Breyer, C. (2015). <i>PV LCOE in Europe 2014–30</i>. Secretariat of the European Photovoltaic Technology Platform. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/PV_LCOE_EU">http://j.mp/PV_LCOE_EU</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Vartiainen, E., Masson, G., & Breyer, C. (2017). <i>The True Competitiveness of Solar PV: A European Case Study</i>. </span>Secretariat of the European Technology and Innovation Platform for Photovoltaics. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/EU_PV_LCOE">http://j.mp/EU_PV_LCOE</a>]<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Wirth, H. (2020). </span><i style="font-family: inherit;">Recent Facts about Photovoltaics in Germany</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. Fraunhofer ISE. [Full-text at </span><a href="http://j.mp/GermanPV_LCOE" style="font-family: inherit;">http://j.mp/GermanPV_LCOE</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Woodhouse, M. et al. (2016). <i>On the Path to SunShot: The Role of Advancements in Solar Photovoltaic Efficiency, Reliability, and Costs</i>. (NREL/TP-6A20-65872). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/PV_Cost">http://j.mp/PV_Cost</a>]</span><br />
<span><br />Zinaman, O., & Darghouth, N. (2020). <i>Distributed Solar Utility Tariff and Revenue Impact Analysis: A Guidebook for International Practitioners</i>. United States Agency for International Development (USAID) & National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/Distributed-Solar">https://j.mp/Distributed-Solar</a>]<br /><br /></span><b style="font-family: inherit;">II-7. Solar Thermal Power/Heating/Cooling</b><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>National Energy Technology Laboratory. (2012). <i>Role of Alternative Energy Sources: Solar Thermal Technology Assessment</i>. (NETL/DOE-2012/1532). National Energy Technology Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/NETL_Solar">http://j.mp/NETL_Solar</a>]<br />
<br />
Stadelmann, M., Frisari, G., Boyd, R., & Feás, J. (2014). <i>The Role of Public Finance in CSP: Background and Approach to Measure its Effectiveness</i>. Climate Policy Initiative. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/CSP_LCOE">http://j.mp/CSP_LCOE</a>]<br />
<br />
Weiss, W., & Spörk-Dür, M. (2018). <i>Solar Heat Worldwide: Global Market Development and Trends in 2017—Detailed Market Figures 2016</i>. IEA Solar Heating & Cooling Programme. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/SHC_2018">http://j.mp/SHC_2018</a>]<br />
<br />
<b>II-8. Wind Power</b><br />
<span><br /><div><span>Fraile, D. et al. (2021). <i>Getting fit for 55 and set for 2050: Electrifying Europe with wind energy</i>. ETIPWind (European Technology and Innovation Platform on Wind Energy) and WindEurope. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/Wind-LCOE">https://j.mp/Wind-LCOE</a>]</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Hand, M. M. (Ed)</span><span style="font-family: inherit;">. (2018). </span><i style="font-family: inherit;">IEA Wind TCP Task 26—Wind Technology, Cost, and Performance Trends in Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, the European Union, and the United States: 2008<i style="font-family: inherit;">–</i>2016</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. (NREL/TP-6A20-71844). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/IEA-Wind-LCOE">http://j.mp/IEA-Wind-LCOE</a></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Lacal Arántegui, R., & Serrano González, J. (2015). <i>2014 JRC Wind Status Report: Technology, Market and Economic Aspects of Wind Energy in Europe</i>. Publications Office of the European Union. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Wind_LCOE">http://j.mp/Wind_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">LCICG. (2012). <i>Technology Innovation Needs Assessment (TINA): Offshore Wind Power - Summary Report</i>. Low Carbon Innovation Co-ordination Group (LCICG). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/LCICG_Wind">http://j.mp/LCICG_Wind</a>]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
Moné, C., Hand, M., Bolinger, M., Rand, J., Heimiller, D., & Ho, J. (2017). <i>2015 Cost of Wind Energy Review</i>. (NREL/TP-6A20-66861). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Wind_LCOE_2015">http://j.mp/Wind_LCOE_2015</a>]<br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>Musial, W., Beiter, P., & Nunemaker, J. (2020). <i>Cost of Floating Offshore Wind Energy Using New England Aqua Ventus Concrete Semisubmersible Technology</i>. (NREL/TP-5000-75618). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/Floating-Wind-LCOE">https://j.mp/Floating-Wind-LCOE</a>]<br />
<br />Musial, W. et al. (2021). <i>Offshore Wind Market Report: 2021 Edition</i>. (DOE/GO-102021-5614). U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/Offshore-Wind-LCOE">https://j.mp/Offshore-Wind-LCOE</a>; Excel spreadsheet at <a href="https://j.mp/Offshore-Wind-LCOE-XLS">https://j.mp/Offshore-Wind-LCOE-XLS</a>]<br /><br /></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">National Energy Technology Laboratory. (2012). <i>Role of Alternative Energy Sources: Wind Technology Assessment</i> (NETL/DOE-2012/1536). National Energy Technology Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/NETL_Wind">http://j.mp/NETL_Wind</a>]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE) Catapult. (2015). <i>Cost Reduction Monitoring Framework: Summary Report to the Offshore Wind Programme Board</i>. Offshore Wind Programme Board, the Crown Estate. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/UK_Offshore_LCOE">http://j.mp/UK_Offshore_LCOE</a>; Qualitative summary (by DNV GL) at <a href="http://j.mp/UK_Offshore_Qualitative">http://j.mp/UK_Offshore_Qualitative</a>; Quantitative summary (by Deloitte) at</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://j.mp/UK_Offshore_Quantitative">http://j.mp/UK_Offshore_Quantitative</a>]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><div>Orrell, A., Kazimierczuk, K., & Sheridan, L. (2021). <i>Distributed Wind Market Report: 2021 Edition</i>. (DOE/GO-102021-5620). U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). </div><div>[Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/Distributed-Wind">https://j.mp/Distributed-Wind</a>; Excel spreadsheet at <a href="https://j.mp/Distributed-Wind-XLS">https://j.mp/Distributed-Wind-XLS</a>]</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Sherman, P., Chen, X., & McElroy, M. (2020). Offshore wind: An opportunity for cost-competitive decarbonization of China’s energy economy. <i>Science Advances</i>, <i>6</i>(8), eaax9571. [Full-text at <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax9571">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax9571</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Tegen, S., Lantz, E.,Hand, M., Maples, B.,Smith, A., & Schwabe, P. (2013). <em>2011 Cost of Wind Energy Review</em>. (NREL/TP-5000-56266). National Renewable Energy Laboratory. </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">[Full-text at </span><a href="http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/56266.pdf" style="font-family: inherit;">http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/56266.pdf</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">Willow, C., & Valpy, B. (2015). <i>Approaches to Cost-Reduction in Offshore Wind: A Report for the Committee on Climate Change</i>. BVG Associates. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Offshore_Wind_LCOE">http://j.mp/Offshore_Wind_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">Wiser, R. et al. (2015). <i>Wind Vision: A New Era for Wind Power in the United States</i>. (DOE/GO-102015-4557). U.S. Department of Energy. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Wind_Vision">http://j.mp/Wind_Vision</a> | <a href="http://en.openei.org/apps/wv_viewer/">Scenario Viewer</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Wiser, R. et al. (2016). <i>Forecasting Wind Energy Costs and Cost Drivers: The Views of the World’s Leading Experts</i>. (LBNL- 1005717). Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Laboratory. [Full-text at </span><a href="http://j.mp/Wind_Cost" style="font-family: inherit;">http://j.mp/Wind_Cost</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span></div><div><div><br />Wiser, R., & Bolinger, M. (2019). <i>2018 Wind Technologies Market Report</i>. U.S. Department of Energy. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/2018_Wind">http://j.mp/2018_Wind</a>; Excel spreadsheet at <a href="http://j.mp/2018_Wind_XLS">http://j.mp/2018_Wind_XLS</a>]<br /><br />Wiser, R., Bolinger, M., et al. (2021). <i>Land-Based Wind Market Report: 2021 Edition</i>. (DOE/GO-102021-5611). U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/Onshore-Wind-LCOE">https://j.mp/Onshore-Wind-LCOE</a>; Excel spreadsheet at <a href="https://j.mp/Onshore-Wind-LCOE-XLS">https://j.mp/Onshore-Wind-LCOE-XLS</a>]</div><div><br /></div><div>Wiser, R. et al. (2020). <i>Wind Energy Technology Data Update: 2020 Edition</i>. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/2020-Wind">http://j.mp/2020-Wind</a>; Excel spreadsheet at <a href="http://j.mp/2020-Wind-XLS">http://j.mp/2020-Wind-XLS</a>]</div><div><br /></div><div>World Bank Group. (2021). <i>Key Factors for Successful Development of Offshore Wind in Emerging Markets</i>. ESMAP, World Bank. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/ESMAP-Wind">https://j.mp/ESMAP-Wind</a>]<br /><br /></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>III. Cost of Fossil Energy Power</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><b>III-1. Fossil Power Cost Comparison</b><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Finkenrath, M. (2011). Cost and Performance of Carbon Dioxide Capture from Power Generation. <i>IEA Energy Papers</i>, <i>N° 2011/05</i>. [Full-text at <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kgggn8wk05l-en">http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kgggn8wk05l-en</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>Fout, T. et al. (2015). <i>Cost and Performance Baseline for Fossil Energy Plants. Volume 1a: Bituminous Coal (PC) and Natural Gas to Electricity - Revision 3</i>. National Energy Technology Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/PC_NGCC_COE">http://j.mp/PC_NGCC_COE</a>]<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">International Energy Agency. (2013). </span><i style="font-family: inherit;">Technology Roadmap: Carbon Capture and Storage</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. IEA Publications. [Full-text at </span><a href="http://j.mp/IEA_CCS_LCOE" style="font-family: inherit;">http://j.mp/IEA_CCS_LCOE</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">National Energy Technology Laboratory. (2010). <i>Life Cycle Analysis: Power Studies Compilation Report </i>(DOE/NETL-2010/1419)<i>.</i> National Energy Technology Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/laPsP6" style="text-decoration-line: none;">http://j.mp/laPsP6</a>]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. (2018). <i>Economic Impact Analysis for the Review of Standards of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from New, Modified, and Reconstructed Stationary Sources: Electric Utility Generating Units</i>. (EPA 452/R-18-005). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/EPA_LCOE">http://j.mp/EPA_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Pöyry Management Consulting, & Element Energy. (2015). <i>Potential CCS Cost Reduction Mechanisms</i>. Committee on Climate Change. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/CCS_LCOE_UK">http://j.mp/CCS_LCOE_UK</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">UK Carbon Capture and Storage Cost Reduction Task Force. (2013). </span><i style="font-family: inherit;">CCS Cost Reduction Taskforce: Final Report</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. Department of Energy & Climate Change. [Full-text at </span><a href="http://j.mp/UK_CCS_LCOE" style="font-family: inherit;">http://j.mp/UK_CCS_LCOE</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">WorleyParsons, & Schlumberger. (2011). <i>Economic Assessment of Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies: 2011 Update</i>. The Global CCS Institute. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/CCS_LCOE">http://j.mp/CCS_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<b>III-2. Coal Power</b><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Epstein, P. R., Buonocore, J. J., Eckerle, K., Hendryx, M., Stout III, B. M., Heinberg, R., Clapp, R. W., May, B., Reinhart, N. L., Ahern, M. M., Doshi, S. K., & Glustrom, L. (2011). Full cost accounting for the life cycle of coal. <i>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences</i>, <i>1219</i>, 73-98. [Full-text at <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05890.x">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05890.x</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">IEAGHG. (2014). </span><i style="font-family: inherit;">CO<sub>2</sub> Capture at Coal Based Power and Hydrogen Plants</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEAGHG). [Full-text at </span><a href="http://j.mp/IEAGHG_LCOE" style="font-family: inherit;">http://j.mp/IEAGHG_LCOE</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Lako, P. (2010). Coal-Fired Power. <i>Technology Brief, E01</i>. International Energy Agency. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/ETSAP_Coal_LCOE">http://j.mp/ETSAP_Coal_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">National Energy Technology Laboratory. (2012). <i>Role of Alternative Energy Sources: Pulverized Coal and Biomass Co-firing Technology Assessment</i> (NETL/DOE-2012/1537). National Energy Technology Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Cofiring">http://j.mp/Cofiring</a>]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">National Energy Technology Laboratory. (2012). <i>Updated Costs (June 2011 Basis) for Selected Bituminous Baseline Cases</i> (NETL/DOE-341/082312). National Energy Technology Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Bituminous">http://j.mp/Bituminous</a>]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<b>III-3. Natural Gas Power</b><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">National Energy Technology Laboratory. (2012). <i>Role of Alternative Energy Sources: Natural Gas Technology Assessment</i> (NETL/DOE-2012/1539). National Energy Technology Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/NG_Power">http://j.mp/NG_Power</a>]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Seebregts, A. J. (2010). Gas-Fired Power. <i>Technology Brief, E02</i>. International Energy Agency. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/ETSAP_Gas_LCOE">http://j.mp/ETSAP_Gas_LCOE</a>] </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /><b>IV. Cost of Nuclear Power</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Congressional Budget Office. (2008). <i>Nuclear Power’s Role in Generating Electricity</i>. Congressional Budget Office. [Full-text at </span><a href="http://j.mp/CBO_Atom">http://j.mp/CBO_Atom</a>]<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Cour des comptes. (2012). <i>The Costs of the Nuclear Power Sector: Thematic Public Report</i>. Cour des comptes (Court of Audit). [Full-text at </span><a href="http://j.mp/FR_Atom_Costs">http://j.mp/FR_Atom_Costs</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">De Roo, G., & Parsons, J. E. (2011). A methodology for calculating the levelized cost of electricity in nuclear power systems with fuel recycling. <i>Energy Economics</i>, <i>33</i>(5), 826-839. doi: 10.1016/j.eneco.2011.01.008. [Full-text at <a href="http://web.mit.edu/ceepr/www/publications/reprints/Reprint_233_WC.pdf">http://web.mit.edu/ceepr/www/publications/reprints/Reprint_233_WC.pdf</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Deutch, J. M., Forsberg, C. W., Kadak, A. C., Kazimi, M. S., Moniz, E. J., Parsons, J. E., Yangbo, D., & Pierpoint, L. (2009).<i>Update of the MIT 2003 Future of Nuclear Power Study</i>. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [Full-text at </span><a href="http://j.mp/MIT_Atom_LCOE">http://j.mp/MIT_Atom_LCOE</a>]<span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">DGA Consulting, & Carisway. (2016). <i>Quantitative Viability Analysis of Electricity Generation from Nuclear Fuels</i>. Nuclear Fuel Cycle Royal Commission. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Australia_Atom_LCOE">http://j.mp/Australia_Atom_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">D’haeseleer, W. D. (2013). </span><i style="font-family: inherit;">Synthesis on the Economics of Nuclear Energy</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. (ENER/2012/NUCL/SI2.643067). Directorate-General for Energy (DG Enery), European Commission. [Full-text at </span></span><a href="http://j.mp/ENER_Atom">http://j.mp/ENER_Atom</a>]<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Energy Options Network. (2017). <i>What Will Advanced Nuclear Power Plants Cost? A Standardized Cost Analysis of Advanced Nuclear Technologies in Commercial Development</i>. Energy Innovation Reform Project. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Nuclear_LCOE">http://j.mp/Nuclear_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Harris, G., Heptonstall, P., Gross, R., & Handley, D. (2012). <i>Cost Estimates for Nuclear Power in the UK</i>. (ICEPT/WP/2012/014). Imperial College Centre for Energy Policy and Technology (ICEPT). [Full-text at </span><a href="http://j.mp/UK_Atom_LCOE">http://j.mp/UK_Atom_LCOE</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Hogue, M. T. (2012). </span><i style="font-family: inherit;">A Review of the Costs of Nuclear Power Generation</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. Bureau of Economic and Business Research, University of Utah. [Full-text at </span><a href="http://j.mp/Atom_LCOE_Utah">http://j.mp/Atom_LCOE_Utah</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />International Atomic Energy Agency. (2014). <i>Climate Change and Nuclear Power 2014</i>. International Atomic Energy Agency. [Full-text at </span><a href="http://j.mp/CC_Atom">http://j.mp/CC_Atom</a>]<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />LCICG. (2013). <i>Technology Innovation Needs Assessment (TINA): Nuclear Fission - Summary Report</i>. Low Carbon Innovation Co-ordination Group (LCICG). [Full-text at </span><a href="http://j.mp/LCICG_Atom">http://j.mp/LCICG_Atom</a>]<br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Lecomte, M., Mario, N., & Vignon, D. (2014). <i>A Worldwide Review of the Cost of Nuclear Power</i>. NucAdvisor. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/NucAdvisor_LCOE">http://j.mp/NucAdvisor_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">National Audit Office. (2016). <i>Nuclear Power in the UK</i>. National Audit Office. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/2016_UK_LCOE">http://j.mp/2016_UK_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">National Audit Office. (2017). <i>Hinkley Point C</i>. National Audit Office. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/UK_Nuclear_Cost">http://j.mp/UK_Nuclear_Cost</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">National Energy Technology Laboratory. (2012). <i>Role of Alternative Energy Sources: Nuclear Technology Assessment</i> (NETL/DOE-2011/1502). National Energy Technology Laboratory. [Full-text at </span><a href="http://j.mp/NETL_Atom">http://j.mp/NETL_Atom</a>]<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Nuclear Energy Agency. (2011). <i>Current Status, Technical Feasibility and Economics of Small Nuclear Reactors</i>. OECD/NEA Publishing. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/SMR_LUEC">http://j.mp/SMR_LUEC</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Nuclear Energy Agency. (2012). <i>The Economics of Long-term Operation of Nuclear Power Plants</i>. OECD/NEA Publishing. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/NEA_LCOE">http://j.mp/NEA_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>Nuclear Energy Agency. (2015). <i>Nuclear New Build: Insights into Financing and Project Management</i>. OECD/NEA Publishing. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Atom_New_LCOE">http://j.mp/Atom_New_LCOE</a>]<br />
<br />
Nuclear Energy Institute. (2016). <i>Status and Outlook for Nuclear Energy in the United States</i>. Nuclear Energy Institute. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/NEI_LCOE">http://j.mp/NEI_LCOE</a>]<br />
<br />
Nuclear Energy Institute. (2018). <i>Nuclear Costs in Context</i>. Nuclear Energy Institute. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/NEI_LCOE_2018">http://j.mp/NEI_LCOE_2018</a>]<br />
<br />
Rosner, R., Klavans, J., & Olofin, S. (2015). <i>Nuclear Fuel Cycle Cost Calculator</i>. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. [Full-text and data at <a href="http://j.mp/Atom_LCOE">http://j.mp/Atom_LCOE</a>]<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Severance, C. A. (2009). <i>Business Risks and Costs of New Nuclear Power</i>. Center for American Progress. [Full-text at </span><a href="http://j.mp/CAP_Atom_LCOE">http://j.mp/CAP_Atom_LCOE</a>]<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">SFEN. (2018). <i>French Nuclear Power in the European Energy System</i>. Société Française d'Énergie Nucléaire (SFEN; French Nuclear Energy Society). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/SFEN-LCOE">http://j.mp/SFEN-LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">Simbolotti, G. (2010). Nuclear Power. </span><i style="font-family: inherit;">Technology Brief, E03</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. International Energy Agency. [Full-text at </span></span><a href="http://j.mp/ETSAP_Atom_LCOE">http://j.mp/ETSAP_Atom_LCOE</a>]<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>Szilard, R. et al. (2017). <i>Economic and Market Challenges Facing the U.S. Nuclear Commercial Fleet—Cost and Revenue Study</i>. (DE-AC07-05ID14517). Idaho National Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/INL_Nuclear_LCOE">http://j.mp/INL_Nuclear_LCOE</a>]<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Task Force on the Future of Nuclear Power. (2016). <i>Secretary of Energy Advisory Board—Report of the Task Force on the Future of Nuclear Power</i>. U.S. Department of Energy. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/SEAB_Nuclear_TF">http://j.mp/SEAB_Nuclear_TF</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /><span style="font-family: inherit;">Thomas, S. (2013). </span><i style="font-family: inherit;">The Economics of Nuclear Power</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. Evaluation einer Hypothetischen "NUklearen Renaissance" (EHNUR). [Full-text at </span></span><a href="http://j.mp/EHNUR_Atom">http://j.mp/EHNUR_Atom</a>]<br />
<br />Weimar, M. R. et al. (2021). <i>Techno-economic Assessment for Generation III+ Small Modular Reactor Deployments in the Pacific Northwest</i>. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/SMR-LCOE">http://j.mp/SMR-LCOE</a>]</div><div><br /></div><div>
World Nuclear Association. (2017). <i>Nuclear Power Economics and Project Structuring - 2017 Edition</i>. World Nuclear Association. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Nuclear_Economics">http://j.mp/Nuclear_Economics</a>]<br />
<br />
WSP and Parsons Brinckerhoff. (2016). <i>Quantitative Analysis and Initial Business Case - Establishing a Nuclear Power Plant and Systems in South Australia</i>. Nuclear Fuel Cycle Royal Commission. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/SA_Atom_LCOE">http://j.mp/SA_Atom_LCOE</a>]<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>V. Cost of Hydrogen-Carried Energy</b></span><br />
<br />BEIS. (2021). <i>Hydrogen Production Costs 2021</i>. Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS). [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/LCOH2021">https://j.mp/LCOH2021</a>]</div><div><br /></div><div>
Burke, A., & Sinha, A. K. (2020). <i>Technology, Sustainability, and Marketing of Battery Electric and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Medium-Duty and Heavy-Duty Trucks and Buses in 2020–2040</i>. National Center for Sustainable Transportation. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/Trucks-Buses">https://j.mp/Trucks-Buses</a>]<br />
<br />Campbell, R. J. (2020). Hydrogen in Electricity’s Future. <i>CRS Report</i>, R46436. Congressional Research Service. [Full-text at <a href="#" id="https://j.mp/LCOH-CRS" name="https://j.mp/LCOH-CRS">https://j.mp/LCOH-CRS</a>]<div><br />Christensen, A. (2020). <i>Assessment of Hydrogen Production Costs from Electrolysis: United States and Europe</i>. International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/H2-Cost">http://j.mp/H2-Cost</a>]</div><div><br /></div><div>Cihlar, J. et al. (2020). <i>Hydrogen Generation in Europe: Overview of Key Costs and Benefits</i>. Publications Office of the European Union. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/LCOH-EU">https://j.mp/LCOH-EU</a>]<br /><div><br /></div><div>Flis, G., & Deutsch, M. (2021). <i>12 Insights on Hydrogen</i>. Agora Energiewende & Agora Industry. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/Hydrogen-Insights">https://j.mp/Hydrogen-Insights</a>]</div><div><br /></div><div>Gandolf, A., Patel, A., Vigna, M. D., Pombeiro, M., & Pidoux, M. (2020). <i>Green Hydrogen: The next transformational driver of the Utilities industry</i>. Goldman Sachs. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/LCOH-GS">https://j.mp/LCOH-GS</a>]</div><div><br /></div><div>
Hinkley, J. et al. (2016). <i>Cost Assessment of Hydrogen Production from PV and Electrolysis</i>. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/H2_PV">http://j.mp/H2_PV</a>]<br />
<br /><div>Hydrogen Council, & McKinsey & Company. (2021). <i>Hydrogen Insights: A perspective on hydrogen investment, market development and cost competitiveness</i>. Hydrogen Council.</div><div>[Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/LCOH-2021">http://j.mp/LCOH-2021</a>]</div><br />
International Energy Agency. (2015). <i>Technology Roadmap: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells</i>. IEA Publications. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/H2_LCOE">http://j.mp/H2_LCOE</a>]<br />
<br />
IRENA. (2018). <i>Hydrogen from Renewable Power: Technology Outlook for the Energy Transition</i>. International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/LCOH_2018">http://j.mp/LCOH_2018</a>]</div><div><br /></div><div>Lazard Ltd. (2021). <i>Lazard’s Levelized Cost of Hydrogen Analysis—Version 2.0</i>. Lazard Ltd. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/Lazard-LCOH-v2">https://j.mp/Lazard-LCOH-v2</a>]</div><div><br /></div><div>Qamar Energy. (2020). <i>Hydrogen in the GCC: A Report for the Regional Business Development Team Gulf Region</i>. Netherlands Enterprise Agency. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/LCOH-GCC">http://j.mp/LCOH-GCC</a>]<br />
<b><br /></b><b>VI. Cost of Energy Storage</b><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>AECOM Australia. (2015). <i>Energy Storage Study: A Storage Market Review and Recommendations for Funding and Knowledge Sharing Priorities</i>. Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/ESS_LCOE">http://j.mp/ESS_LCOE</a>]</div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">Akhil, A. A. </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">et al</span><span style="font-family: inherit;">. (2015). </span><i>DOE/EPRI Electricity Storage Handbook in Collaboration with NRECA</i><span style="font-family: inherit;">. (</span>SAND2015-1002<span style="font-family: inherit;">). Sandia National Laboratories. [Full-text at </span><a href="http://j.mp/ES_LCOE_2015">http://j.mp/ES_LCOE_2015</a><span style="font-family: inherit;">]</span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">Augustine, C., & Blair, N. (2021). <i>Energy Storage Futures Study: Storage Technology Modeling Input Data Report</i>. (NREL/TP-5700-78694). National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/ESS-LCOE">https://j.mp/ESS-LCOE</a>]</span></div><div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>Brinsmead, T. S., Graham, P., Hayward, J., Ratnam, E. L., & Reedman, L. (2015). <i>Future Energy Storage Trends: An Assessment of the Economic Viability, Potential Uptake and Impacts of Electrical Energy Storage on the NEM 2015–2035</i>. (EP155039). Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/ESS_LCOE_CSIRO">http://j.mp/ESS_LCOE_CSIRO</a>]<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Carnegie, R., Gotham, D., Nderitu, D., & Preckel, P. V. (2013). <i>Utility Scale Energy Storage Systems: Benefits, Applications, and Technologies</i>. State Utility Forecasting Group. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Utility_ESS">http://j.mp/Utility_ESS</a>]</span><br />
<span><br />Cole, W. Frazier, A. W., & Augustine, C. (2021). <i>Cost Projections for Utility-Scale Battery Storage: 2021 Updat</i>e. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/3HsdxJO">https://j.mp/3HsdxJO</a>]</span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">Gardner, P., Jones, F., Rowe, M., Nouri, A., & van de Vegte, H. (2016). <i>E-Storage: Shifting from Cost to Value, Wind and Solar Applications</i>. World Energy Council. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/WEC_LCOS">http://j.mp/WEC_LCOS</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">International Energy Agency. (2014). <i>Technology Roadmap: Energy Storage</i>. IEA Publications. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/IEA_ES_LCOE">http://j.mp/IEA_ES_LCOE</a>; Technology annex at <a href="http://j.mp/IEA_ES_Annex">http://j.mp/IEA_ES_Annex</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">International Renewable Energy Agency. (2012). <i>Electricity Storage and Renewables for Island Power: A Guide for Decision Makers</i>. International Renewable Energy Agency. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/ESS_IRENA">http://j.mp/ESS_IRENA</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">International Renewable Energy Agency. (2015). <i>Battery Storage for Renewables: Market Status and Technology Outlook</i>. International Renewable Energy Agency. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/IRENA_Battery">http://j.mp/IRENA_Battery</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Joint Research Centre. (2011). <i>2011 Technology Map of the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan): Technology Descriptions</i>. Publications Office of the European Union. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/JRC_ESS">http://j.mp/JRC_ESS</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>Lazard Ltd. (2021). <i>Lazard’s Levelized Cost of Storage Analysis—Version 7.0</i>. Lazard Ltd. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/Lazard-LCOS-v7">https://j.mp/Lazard-LCOS-v7</a>]<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />Mongird, K. et al. (2019). <i>Energy Storage Technology and Cost Characterization Report</i>. U.S. Department of Energy. [Full-text at <a href="https://j.mp/LCOS-DOE" target="_blank">https://j.mp/LCOS-DOE</a>]</span></div><div><br /></div><div>Mongird, K. et al. (2020). <i>2020 Grid Energy Storage Technology Cost and Performance Assessment</i>. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/2020-ESS">http://j.mp/2020-ESS</a>]<br /><div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Nykvist, B. & Nilsson, M. (2015). Rapidly falling costs of battery packs for electric vehicles. <i>Nature Climate Change</i>, <i>5</i>, 329–332. [Full-text at <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2564">http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2564</a>; Data at <a href="http://j.mp/BEV_LCOE">http://j.mp/BEV_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Rastler, D. (2010). <i>Electricity Energy Storage Technology Options: A White Paper Primer on Applications, Costs, and Benefits</i>. Electric Power Research Institute. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/EPRI_ESS">http://j.mp/EPRI_ESS</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Schmidt, O., Melchior, S., Hawkes, A., & Staffell, I. (2019). Projecting the Future Levelized Cost of Electricity Storage Technologies. <i>Joule</i>, <i>3</i>(1), 81–100. [Full-text at <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.12.008">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.12.008</a>]</span></div><div><br /></div><div><span>U.S. Department of Energy. (2020). <i>Energy Storage Market Report 2020</i>. </span>U.S. Department of Energy [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/US-LCOS">http://j.mp/US-LCOS</a>]</div><div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><b>VII. Cost (LCOE or LCCE [Levelized Cost of Conserved Energy]) of Energy Efficiency or Demand Response Programs</b><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Alstone, P. et al. (2016). <i>2015 California Demand Response Potential Study: Charting California’s Demand Response Future </i></span><i>– Interim Report on Phase 1 Results</i>. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/LC_DR_California">http://j.mp/LC_DR_California</a>]<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Billingsley, M. A. et al. (2014). <i>The Program Administrator Cost of Saved Energy for Utility Customer-Funded Energy Efficiency Programs</i>. (DE-AC02-05CH11231). Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/LBNL_LCSE">http://j.mp/LBNL_LCSE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Hoffman, I. M. et al. (2015). <i>The Total Cost of Saving Electricity through Utility Customer-Funded Energy Efficiency Programs: Estimates at the National, State, Sector and Program Level</i>. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Saved_Electricity">http://j.mp/Saved_Electricity</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Hoffman, I. M. et al. (2017). <i>Trends in the Program Administrator Cost of Saving Electricity for Utility Customer-Funded Energy Efficiency Programs</i>. (LBNL-1007009). Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/PA_CSE">http://j.mp/PA_CSE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Hoffman, I. M. et al. (2018). <i>The Cost of Saving Electricity Through Energy Efficiency Programs Funded by Utility Customers: 2009–2015</i>. (DE-AC02-05CH11231). Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Saved_Power_LCOE">http://j.mp/Saved_Power_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<br />
Hornby, R. et al. (2015). <i>Avoided Energy Supply Costs in New England: 2015 Report</i>. Massachusetts Energy Efficiency Advisory Council (EEAC). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/New_England_Avoided_Cost">http://j.mp/New_England_Avoided_Cost</a>]<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Molina, M. (2014). <i>The Best Value for America’s Energy Dollar: A National Review of the Cost of Utility Energy Efficiency Programs</i>. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/ACEEE_LCOE">http://j.mp/ACEEE_LCOE</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2015). <i>Demand-Side Energy Efficiency Technical Support Document</i>. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/LCSE_EE">http://j.mp/LCSE_EE</a>]</span></div></div></div></div></div></div>Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-77733639909183581262021-04-08T18:28:00.000-04:002021-04-08T18:28:00.247-04:00Please visit my twitter account for more frequent updatesI admit that I haven’t written posts here very often, lately.<br /><br /><div>
For more frequent updates (and my thoughts) on energy and ecology, please visit my twitter account.<br />
<br /></div><div><a href="https://twitter.com/parkhun">https://twitter.com/parkhun</a> <div><br /></div><div>Best,</div><div>HP</div></div>Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-51583297070772086452020-11-19T01:38:00.003-05:002020-11-19T01:40:10.685-05:00Countries by GDP per capita (in PPP dollars), estimated by IMF in October 2020<h3>Gross domestic product per capita, current prices</h3>
<h4>(Expressed in GDP in PPP dollars per person)</h4>
Source: IMF. (2020). <i>World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020 Edition</i>. International Monetary Fund.<div><br />
<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="2">
<colgroup><col width="30%"></col>
<col span="7" width="10%"></col>
</colgroup><tbody><tr>
<td width="30%"> </td>
<td align="right" width="10%">1995</td>
<td align="right" width="10%">2000</td>
<td align="right" width="10%">2005</td>
<td align="right" width="10%">2010</td>
<td align="right" width="10%">2015</td>
<td align="right" width="10%">2020</td>
<td align="right" width="10%">2025</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Macao SAR</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td align="right">58,907 </td>
<td align="right">96,639 </td>
<td align="right">109,014 </td>
<td align="right">58,931 </td>
<td align="right">140,447 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Luxembourg</td>
<td align="right">47,789 </td>
<td align="right">65,410 </td>
<td align="right">79,622 </td>
<td align="right">90,741 </td>
<td align="right">104,976 </td>
<td align="right">112,875 </td>
<td align="right">134,001 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Singapore</td>
<td align="right">35,130 </td>
<td align="right">43,833 </td>
<td align="right">58,717 </td>
<td align="right">75,294 </td>
<td align="right">86,975 </td>
<td align="right">95,603 </td>
<td align="right">115,445 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Qatar</td>
<td align="right">64,710 </td>
<td align="right">96,677 </td>
<td align="right">116,805 </td>
<td align="right">145,583 </td>
<td align="right">97,847 </td>
<td align="right">91,897 </td>
<td align="right">114,095 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ireland</td>
<td align="right">19,816 </td>
<td align="right">31,957 </td>
<td align="right">42,619 </td>
<td align="right">43,920 </td>
<td align="right">68,860 </td>
<td align="right">89,383 </td>
<td align="right">112,201 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Switzerland</td>
<td align="right">33,996 </td>
<td align="right">40,537 </td>
<td align="right">47,143 </td>
<td align="right">54,927 </td>
<td align="right">64,275 </td>
<td align="right">68,340 </td>
<td align="right">78,445 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Norway</td>
<td align="right">36,534 </td>
<td align="right">46,042 </td>
<td align="right">55,851 </td>
<td align="right">60,767 </td>
<td align="right">60,190 </td>
<td align="right">64,856 </td>
<td align="right">78,375 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Brunei Darussalam</td>
<td align="right">66,423 </td>
<td align="right">68,194 </td>
<td align="right">76,650 </td>
<td align="right">80,660 </td>
<td align="right">62,922 </td>
<td align="right">61,816 </td>
<td align="right">76,480 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>United States</td>
<td align="right">28,671 </td>
<td align="right">36,318 </td>
<td align="right">44,026 </td>
<td align="right">48,403 </td>
<td align="right">56,849 </td>
<td align="right">63,051 </td>
<td align="right">76,475 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Hong Kong SAR</td>
<td align="right">24,118 </td>
<td align="right">28,057 </td>
<td align="right">37,920 </td>
<td align="right">48,991 </td>
<td align="right">56,267 </td>
<td align="right">58,165 </td>
<td align="right">72,455 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Denmark</td>
<td align="right">27,367 </td>
<td align="right">33,751 </td>
<td align="right">39,769 </td>
<td align="right">43,199 </td>
<td align="right">49,265 </td>
<td align="right">57,781 </td>
<td align="right">70,345 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Netherlands</td>
<td align="right">25,692 </td>
<td align="right">33,566 </td>
<td align="right">39,085 </td>
<td align="right">45,269 </td>
<td align="right">50,419 </td>
<td align="right">57,101 </td>
<td align="right">68,924 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>San Marino</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td align="right">63,044 </td>
<td align="right">56,138 </td>
<td align="right">56,690 </td>
<td align="right">68,730 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Austria</td>
<td align="right">24,739 </td>
<td align="right">30,910 </td>
<td align="right">36,793 </td>
<td align="right">42,461 </td>
<td align="right">49,955 </td>
<td align="right">55,406 </td>
<td align="right">67,025 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Taiwan Province of China</td>
<td align="right">15,493 </td>
<td align="right">21,485 </td>
<td align="right">28,753 </td>
<td align="right">38,400 </td>
<td align="right">46,911 </td>
<td align="right">54,020 </td>
<td align="right">66,459 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Germany</td>
<td align="right">24,765 </td>
<td align="right">29,477 </td>
<td align="right">33,947 </td>
<td align="right">40,097 </td>
<td align="right">47,622 </td>
<td align="right">53,571 </td>
<td align="right">66,366 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Iceland</td>
<td align="right">20,980 </td>
<td align="right">28,027 </td>
<td align="right">36,658 </td>
<td align="right">39,366 </td>
<td align="right">49,109 </td>
<td align="right">54,482 </td>
<td align="right">63,657 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sweden</td>
<td align="right">22,825 </td>
<td align="right">29,427 </td>
<td align="right">36,823 </td>
<td align="right">42,494 </td>
<td align="right">48,858 </td>
<td align="right">52,477 </td>
<td align="right">62,654 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>United Arab Emirates</td>
<td align="right">87,593 </td>
<td align="right">102,898 </td>
<td align="right">109,065 </td>
<td align="right">67,123 </td>
<td align="right">62,748 </td>
<td align="right">58,466 </td>
<td align="right">61,855 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Belgium</td>
<td align="right">23,545 </td>
<td align="right">29,143 </td>
<td align="right">35,215 </td>
<td align="right">40,158 </td>
<td align="right">46,365 </td>
<td align="right">50,114 </td>
<td align="right">61,683 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Australia</td>
<td align="right">22,973 </td>
<td align="right">28,998 </td>
<td align="right">36,047 </td>
<td align="right">41,689 </td>
<td align="right">46,407 </td>
<td align="right">50,845 </td>
<td align="right">60,427 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Finland</td>
<td align="right">20,197 </td>
<td align="right">27,766 </td>
<td align="right">34,932 </td>
<td align="right">39,353 </td>
<td align="right">42,570 </td>
<td align="right">49,334 </td>
<td align="right">59,754 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Malta</td>
<td align="right">15,867 </td>
<td align="right">19,336 </td>
<td align="right">22,827 </td>
<td align="right">28,401 </td>
<td align="right">37,922 </td>
<td align="right">43,087 </td>
<td align="right">57,561 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Canada</td>
<td align="right">23,708 </td>
<td align="right">29,949 </td>
<td align="right">36,243 </td>
<td align="right">40,013 </td>
<td align="right">44,703 </td>
<td align="right">47,569 </td>
<td align="right">57,306 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>France</td>
<td align="right">23,203 </td>
<td align="right">28,580 </td>
<td align="right">33,587 </td>
<td align="right">37,361 </td>
<td align="right">42,289 </td>
<td align="right">45,454 </td>
<td align="right">57,035 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bahrain</td>
<td align="right">36,745 </td>
<td align="right">43,970 </td>
<td align="right">45,418 </td>
<td align="right">47,112 </td>
<td align="right">45,627 </td>
<td align="right">49,057 </td>
<td align="right">56,268 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Korea</td>
<td align="right">12,207 </td>
<td align="right">16,806 </td>
<td align="right">23,469 </td>
<td align="right">30,985 </td>
<td align="right">37,908 </td>
<td align="right">44,292 </td>
<td align="right">55,810 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>United Kingdom</td>
<td align="right">21,016 </td>
<td align="right">26,553 </td>
<td align="right">33,314 </td>
<td align="right">36,134 </td>
<td align="right">42,522 </td>
<td align="right">44,288 </td>
<td align="right">54,780 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Saudi Arabia</td>
<td align="right">38,539 </td>
<td align="right">40,253 </td>
<td align="right">48,145 </td>
<td align="right">51,264 </td>
<td align="right">49,637 </td>
<td align="right">46,273 </td>
<td align="right">53,135 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Czech Republic</td>
<td align="right">14,175 </td>
<td align="right">16,914 </td>
<td align="right">23,118 </td>
<td align="right">28,007 </td>
<td align="right">33,933 </td>
<td align="right">40,293 </td>
<td align="right">52,916 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Lithuania</td>
<td align="right">6,851 </td>
<td align="right">9,704 </td>
<td align="right">16,513 </td>
<td align="right">20,615 </td>
<td align="right">28,824 </td>
<td align="right">38,605 </td>
<td align="right">50,899 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Japan</td>
<td align="right">23,751 </td>
<td align="right">26,956 </td>
<td align="right">31,776 </td>
<td align="right">35,149 </td>
<td align="right">40,448 </td>
<td align="right">41,637 </td>
<td align="right">50,071 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Spain</td>
<td align="right">18,393 </td>
<td align="right">23,905 </td>
<td align="right">29,218 </td>
<td align="right">31,594 </td>
<td align="right">34,939 </td>
<td align="right">38,143 </td>
<td align="right">49,797 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Slovenia</td>
<td align="right">13,511 </td>
<td align="right">18,032 </td>
<td align="right">23,938 </td>
<td align="right">28,178 </td>
<td align="right">31,647 </td>
<td align="right">38,506 </td>
<td align="right">49,708 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Italy</td>
<td align="right">24,341 </td>
<td align="right">29,242 </td>
<td align="right">33,593 </td>
<td align="right">35,402 </td>
<td align="right">36,870 </td>
<td align="right">40,066 </td>
<td align="right">49,467 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Israel</td>
<td align="right">17,040 </td>
<td align="right">20,965 </td>
<td align="right">23,523 </td>
<td align="right">29,066 </td>
<td align="right">35,488 </td>
<td align="right">39,126 </td>
<td align="right">48,618 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Estonia</td>
<td align="right">8,208 </td>
<td align="right">12,446 </td>
<td align="right">20,453 </td>
<td align="right">22,520 </td>
<td align="right">29,397 </td>
<td align="right">37,033 </td>
<td align="right">48,424 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>New Zealand</td>
<td align="right">18,117 </td>
<td align="right">21,950 </td>
<td align="right">27,601 </td>
<td align="right">31,399 </td>
<td align="right">37,051 </td>
<td align="right">41,072 </td>
<td align="right">48,089 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Cyprus</td>
<td align="right">18,797 </td>
<td align="right">23,418 </td>
<td align="right">30,095 </td>
<td align="right">33,761 </td>
<td align="right">31,747 </td>
<td align="right">39,079 </td>
<td align="right">48,057 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kuwait</td>
<td align="right">49,090 </td>
<td align="right">51,806 </td>
<td align="right">63,497 </td>
<td align="right">61,763 </td>
<td align="right">43,308 </td>
<td align="right">41,735 </td>
<td align="right">44,697 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Poland</td>
<td align="right">8,273 </td>
<td align="right">11,796 </td>
<td align="right">15,315 </td>
<td align="right">21,336 </td>
<td align="right">26,843 </td>
<td align="right">33,739 </td>
<td align="right">44,611 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Portugal</td>
<td align="right">15,987 </td>
<td align="right">20,675 </td>
<td align="right">23,677 </td>
<td align="right">26,635 </td>
<td align="right">29,669 </td>
<td align="right">33,131 </td>
<td align="right">43,923 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Slovak Republic</td>
<td align="right">9,740 </td>
<td align="right">12,427 </td>
<td align="right">17,867 </td>
<td align="right">24,843 </td>
<td align="right">29,938 </td>
<td align="right">32,184 </td>
<td align="right">43,063 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Hungary</td>
<td align="right">11,209 </td>
<td align="right">14,224 </td>
<td align="right">19,987 </td>
<td align="right">21,932 </td>
<td align="right">26,633 </td>
<td align="right">32,434 </td>
<td align="right">42,817 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Latvia</td>
<td align="right">6,029 </td>
<td align="right">8,873 </td>
<td align="right">15,583 </td>
<td align="right">17,715 </td>
<td align="right">24,724 </td>
<td align="right">30,579 </td>
<td align="right">42,002 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>The Bahamas</td>
<td align="right">21,335 </td>
<td align="right">27,280 </td>
<td align="right">30,900 </td>
<td align="right">31,670 </td>
<td align="right">34,342 </td>
<td align="right">33,808 </td>
<td align="right">41,918 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Puerto Rico</td>
<td align="right">17,877 </td>
<td align="right">22,961 </td>
<td align="right">29,333 </td>
<td align="right">30,925 </td>
<td align="right">34,007 </td>
<td align="right">34,998 </td>
<td align="right">41,855 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Romania</td>
<td align="right">7,900 </td>
<td align="right">8,294 </td>
<td align="right">12,819 </td>
<td align="right">17,071 </td>
<td align="right">21,566 </td>
<td align="right">30,141 </td>
<td align="right">40,125 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Greece</td>
<td align="right">15,601 </td>
<td align="right">19,821 </td>
<td align="right">26,378 </td>
<td align="right">28,143 </td>
<td align="right">26,810 </td>
<td align="right">29,045 </td>
<td align="right">38,260 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Croatia</td>
<td align="right">9,685 </td>
<td align="right">12,641 </td>
<td align="right">17,406 </td>
<td align="right">19,748 </td>
<td align="right">23,011 </td>
<td align="right">27,681 </td>
<td align="right">38,042 </td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div>Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-83757716285370883012020-04-14T04:20:00.035-04:002021-06-03T11:33:45.880-04:00Cost of Energy Comparison, Including Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)—2020 Update<center><div style="background-color: white; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; text-align: start;">I updated the list in a new post for the year of 2020. Please move to the post cited below.</div><div style="background-color: white; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: 14.4px;"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white; text-align: start;"><span face=""Source Sans Pro", sans-serif" style="font-size: 14.4px;">Park, H. (2021). Cost of Energy Comparison, Including Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)—2021 Update. </span><i style="font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px;">Energy and Ecology</i><span face=""Source Sans Pro", sans-serif" style="font-size: 14.4px;">. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14.4px;"><span face="Source Sans Pro, sans-serif"><a href="http://j.mp/LCOE-2021">http://j.mp/LCOE-2021</a></span></span></div><div style="background-color: white; text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14.4px;"><br /></span></div><div style="background-color: white; text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 14.4px;"><br /></span></div></center>Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-70008717926551124452019-04-18T01:01:00.002-04:002019-04-18T01:01:33.029-04:00We need clean and low-carbon energyWe need ‘clean and low-carbon’ energy, NOT ‘dirty and low-carbon’ energy.<br />
<br />
Why do we have to give up the ‘clean’ part, while we can keep it?Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-82184562104370707672019-03-02T04:10:00.001-05:002019-03-02T04:12:42.582-05:00An Excellent 2019 Book for Studying Pathways to Achieve the Goals of the Paris AgreementI found an excellent book for studying pathways to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement. Its contents are excellent, of course. In addition, it is an open access book (<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">CC BY 4.0</span>).<br />
<br />
Before formally introducing the book, I want to make it clear: What are the goals of the Paris Agreement? The most important of the goals is:<br />
<a href="https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_paris_agreement.pdf">"Holding the increase in the global average temperature to <b>well below</b></a><b> </b><a href="https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_paris_agreement.pdf"><b>2°C above pre-industrial levels</b> and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature</a> <a href="https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_paris_agreement.pdf">increase to <b>1.5°C above pre-industrial levels</b>, recognizing that this would</a> <a href="https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_paris_agreement.pdf">significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change"</a><br />
<br />
I didn't read the whole book yet. But those figures and tables I've flipped through tell us reasonable but urgent conclusions.<br />
<br />
The book:<br />
<br />
Sven Teske. (Ed.). (2019). <i>Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals: Global and Regional 100% Renewable Energy Scenarios with Non-energy GHG Pathways for +1.5°C and +2°C</i>. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. [Full-text at <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05843-2</a>]<br />
<br />
Contents<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b>1 Introduction.................................................... 1</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">Sven Teske and Thomas Pregger</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b>2 State of Research............................................... 5</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">Sven Teske, Malte Meinshausen, and Kate Dooley</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b>3 Methodology.................................................... 25</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">Sven Teske, Thomas Pregger, Sonja Simon, Tobias Naegler,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">Johannes Pagenkopf, Bent van den Adel, Malte Meinshausen,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">Kate Dooley, C. Briggs, E. Dominish, D. Giurco, Nick Florin,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">Tom Morris, and Kriti Nagrath</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b>4 Mitigation Scenarios for Non-energy GHG........................ 79</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">Malte Meinshausen and Kate Dooley</span><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">5 Main Assumptions for Energy Pathways.....</span><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">.</span><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">..................... 93</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">Thomas Pregger, Sonja Simon, Tobias Naegler, and Sven Teske</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b>6 Transport Transition Concepts................................. 131</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">Johannes Pagenkopf, Bent van den Adel, Özcan Deniz,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">and Stephan Schmid</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b>7 Renewable Energy Resource Assessment.......................... 161</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">Sven Teske, Kriti Nagrath, Tom Morris, and Kate Dooley</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b>8 Energy Scenario Results....................................... 175</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">Sven Teske, Thomas Pregger, Tobias Naegler, Sonja Simon,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">Johannes Pagenkopf, Bent van den Adel, and Özcan Deniz</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b>9 Trajectories for a Just Transition of the Fossil Fuel Industry 403</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">Sven Teske</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b>10 Just Transition: Employment Projections for the 2.0°C</b></span><br />
<b style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">and 1.5</b><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b>°</b></span><b style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">C Scenarios.......................................</b><b style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">.</b><b style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">..... 413</b><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">Elsa Dominish, Chris Briggs, Sven Teske, and Franziska Mey</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b>11 Requirements for Minerals and Metals for 100%</b></span><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">Renewable Scenarios</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">.......................................</span><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">....</span><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">.. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">437</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">Damien Giurco, Elsa Dominish, Nick Florin, Takuma Watari,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">and Benjamin McLellan</span><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">12 Implications of the Developed Scenarios </span><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">for Climate</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">Change</span><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">...............</span><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">...............</span><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">......................</span><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">....</span><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">.. </span><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">459</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">Malte Meinshausen</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b>13 Discussion, Conclusions and Recommendations.................. 471</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">Sven Teske, Thomas Pregger, Johannes Pagenkopf,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">Bent van den Adel, Özcan Deniz, Malte Meinshausen,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">and Damien Giurco</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><b>Annex........................................................... 489</b></span>Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-77360017152224573732019-01-03T18:35:00.004-05:002020-04-14T04:41:26.217-04:00Cost of Energy Comparison, Including Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)—2019 Update<div>
I updated the list in a new post for the year of 2020. Please move to the post cited below.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
Park, H. (2020). Cost of Energy Comparison, Including Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)—2020 Update. <i>Energy and Ecology</i>. <a href="https://j.mp/LCOE-2020">https://j.mp/LCOE-2020</a><br />
<br />
<br />Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-24548132101061103952018-11-29T19:27:00.001-05:002018-11-29T19:42:12.710-05:00Three takeaways from UNEP’s “The Emissions Gap Report 2018”A few days ago, the United Nations Environment Programme released the latest version of its annual global climate action assessment, “The Emissions Gap Report 2018.”<br />
<br />
I picked up three takeaways from the report:<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #990000;">(A) “Global peaking of emissions by 2020 is crucial for achieving the temperature targets of the Paris Agreement” ⋯ [Yet,] “global emissions are not estimated to peak by 2030, let alone by 2020.”</span><br />
<span style="color: #990000;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #990000;">(B) ⋯ “this original level of ambition [of the current Nationally Determined Contributions] needs to be roughly tripled for the 2 °C scenario and increased around fivefold for the 1.5 °C scenario.”</span><br />
<span style="color: #990000;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #990000;">(C) “If international cooperative initiatives [of Non-state and Subnational Actors] are scaled up to their fullest potential, the impact could be ⋯ up to 19 GtCO<sub>2</sub>e/year by 2030. If realized, this would be instrumental in bridging the emissions gap to 2 °C pathways.”</span><br />
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<img src="http://j.mp/EGR-2018-Gap" width="100%" /><br />
Figure Above: Explaining <span style="color: #990000;">takeaways (A) and (B)</span>.<br />
<br />
<img src="http://j.mp/EGR-2018-NSAs" width="100%" /><br />
Figure Above: Explaining <span style="color: #990000;">takeaway (C)</span>.<br />
<br />
<i>Source:</i> UNEP. (2018). <i>The Emissions Gap Report 2018</i>. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/UNEP-EGR2018">http://j.mp/UNEP-EGR2018</a>]Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-70364006568670850702018-10-06T01:38:00.003-04:002018-10-06T01:38:42.334-04:00Share of Renewables in OECD Countries’ Energy Supply in 2017X axis: Renewables/[Total Primary Energy Supply]<br />
Y axis: Renewables/[Total Electricity]<br />
<br />
<a href="http://j.mp/OECD-Renewables2018">http://j.mp/OECD-Renewables2018</a><br />
<br />
<img src="https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1928/43310792530_aae5ed3c29_o.png" width="100%" /><br />
<i>Source:</i> International Energy Agency. (2018). <i>Renewables Information 2018</i>. Paris, France: IEA Publications.Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-23623783085123686832018-07-04T11:11:00.001-04:002018-07-04T11:19:24.715-04:00Electricity Generation by Source, 2017 -- Top 25 Power-Producing CountriesWho is leading the transition towards a cleaner and safer energy mix?<br />
<br />
<br />
<img src="https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1810/42291511685_e51d5d6f9d_o.png" width="100%" /><br />
<br />
<i>Data source:</i><br />
BP. (2018). <i>BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2018</i>. London, UK: BP p.l.c.<br />
RTE. (2018). <i>Bilan électrique 2017</i>. Paris, France: Réseau de transport d'électricité (RTE).Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-81441461710688740872018-03-23T12:33:00.001-04:002018-03-23T12:33:33.049-04:00Greenhouse Gas Emissions per Capita: Top 20 Countries in 2016The graph below renders a different picture of how people around the world are warming the Earth by accounting for all Kyoto protocol greenhouse gases, not just carbon dioxide.<br />
<br />
<img src="https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4774/40257967574_1809b28416_o.jpg" width="100%" /><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>Source:</i> Olivier, J. G. J., Schure, K. M., & Peters, J. A. H. W. (2017). <i>Trends in Global CO<sub>2</sub> and Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions: 2017 Report</i>. The Hague, The Netherlands: Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving (PBL; Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency).Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-12566974178599613952018-03-07T00:27:00.001-05:002018-03-07T00:27:53.371-05:00State of Deforestation by Country, 1990-2015Can the deforestation be stopped and then reversed? Reforested areas could be a good source of additional carbon sinks.<br />
<br />
<b>Forest Area by Country</b><br /><span style="font-style: italic;"></span><span style="font-style: italic;">Unit</span>: km<sup>2</sup><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: black;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">Deforestation<br />Rank</td><td>Country</td><td style="text-align: right;">1990</td><td style="text-align: right;">2015</td><td style="text-align: right;">1990–2015</td><td style="text-align: right;">CAGR<br />(’90–’15)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">1</td><td>Togo</td><td style="text-align: right;">6,850</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,880</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-72.55%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-5.04%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">2</td><td>Nigeria</td><td style="text-align: right;">172,340</td><td style="text-align: right;">69,930</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-59.42%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-3.54%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">3</td><td>Uganda</td><td style="text-align: right;">47,510</td><td style="text-align: right;">20,770</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-56.28%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-3.26%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">4</td><td>Mauritania</td><td style="text-align: right;">4,150</td><td style="text-align: right;">2,245</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-45.90%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-2.43%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">5</td><td>Honduras</td><td style="text-align: right;">81,360</td><td style="text-align: right;">45,920</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-43.56%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-2.26%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">6</td><td>Pakistan</td><td style="text-align: right;">25,270</td><td style="text-align: right;">14,720</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-41.75%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-2.14%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">7</td><td>Niger</td><td style="text-align: right;">19,450</td><td style="text-align: right;">11,420</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-41.29%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-2.11%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">8</td><td>Korea, North</td><td style="text-align: right;">82,010</td><td style="text-align: right;">50,310</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-38.65%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-1.94%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">9</td><td>Sudan</td><td style="text-align: right;">307,273</td><td style="text-align: right;">192,099</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-37.48%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-1.86%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">10</td><td>Zimbabwe</td><td style="text-align: right;">221,640</td><td style="text-align: right;">140,620</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-36.55%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-1.80%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">11</td><td>Nicaragua</td><td style="text-align: right;">45,140</td><td style="text-align: right;">31,140</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-31.01%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-1.47%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">12</td><td>El Salvador</td><td style="text-align: right;">3,770</td><td style="text-align: right;">2,650</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-29.71%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-1.40%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">13</td><td>Mali</td><td style="text-align: right;">66,900</td><td style="text-align: right;">47,150</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-29.52%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-1.39%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">14</td><td>Timor-Leste</td><td style="text-align: right;">9,660</td><td style="text-align: right;">6,860</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-28.99%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-1.36%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">15</td><td>Paraguay</td><td style="text-align: right;">211,570</td><td style="text-align: right;">153,230</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-27.57%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-1.28%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">16</td><td>Chad</td><td style="text-align: right;">67,050</td><td style="text-align: right;">48,750</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-27.29%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-1.27%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">17</td><td>Cambodia</td><td style="text-align: right;">129,440</td><td style="text-align: right;">94,570</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-26.94%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-1.25%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">18</td><td>Myanmar</td><td style="text-align: right;">392,180</td><td style="text-align: right;">290,410</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-25.95%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-1.19%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">19</td><td>Guatemala</td><td style="text-align: right;">47,480</td><td style="text-align: right;">35,400</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-25.44%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-1.17%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">20</td><td>Virgin Islands (U.S.)</td><td style="text-align: right;">236</td><td style="text-align: right;">176</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-25.36%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-1.16%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">21</td><td>Ethiopia</td><td style="text-align: right;">167,350</td><td style="text-align: right;">124,990</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-25.31%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-1.16%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">22</td><td>Benin</td><td style="text-align: right;">57,610</td><td style="text-align: right;">43,110</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-25.17%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-1.15%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">23</td><td>Nepal</td><td style="text-align: right;">48,170</td><td style="text-align: right;">36,360</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-24.52%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-1.12%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">24</td><td>Comoros</td><td style="text-align: right;">490</td><td style="text-align: right;">370</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-24.49%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-1.12%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">25</td><td>Kyrgyzstan</td><td style="text-align: right;">8,360</td><td style="text-align: right;">6,370</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-23.80%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-1.08%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">26</td><td>Indonesia</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,185,450</td><td style="text-align: right;">910,100</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-23.23%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-1.05%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">27</td><td>Somalia</td><td style="text-align: right;">82,820</td><td style="text-align: right;">63,630</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-23.17%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-1.05%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">28</td><td>Cameroon</td><td style="text-align: right;">243,160</td><td style="text-align: right;">188,160</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-22.62%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-1.02%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">29</td><td>Argentina</td><td style="text-align: right;">347,930</td><td style="text-align: right;">271,120</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-22.08%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.99%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">30</td><td>Burkina Faso</td><td style="text-align: right;">68,470</td><td style="text-align: right;">53,500</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-21.86%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.98%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">31</td><td>Namibia</td><td style="text-align: right;">87,620</td><td style="text-align: right;">69,190</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-21.03%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.94%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">32</td><td>Botswana</td><td style="text-align: right;">137,180</td><td style="text-align: right;">108,400</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-20.98%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.94%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">33</td><td>Malawi</td><td style="text-align: right;">38,960</td><td style="text-align: right;">31,470</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-19.22%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.85%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">34</td><td>Tanzania</td><td style="text-align: right;">559,200</td><td style="text-align: right;">460,600</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-17.63%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.77%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">35</td><td>Haiti</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,160</td><td style="text-align: right;">970</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-16.38%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.71%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">36</td><td>Equatorial Guinea</td><td style="text-align: right;">18,600</td><td style="text-align: right;">15,680</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-15.70%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.68%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">37</td><td>Belize</td><td style="text-align: right;">16,160</td><td style="text-align: right;">13,663</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-15.45%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.67%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">38</td><td>Liberia</td><td style="text-align: right;">49,290</td><td style="text-align: right;">41,790</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-15.22%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.66%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">39</td><td>Ecuador</td><td style="text-align: right;">146,309</td><td style="text-align: right;">125,479</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-14.24%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.61%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">40</td><td>Dominica</td><td style="text-align: right;">500</td><td style="text-align: right;">433</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-13.34%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.57%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">41</td><td>Northern Mariana Islands</td><td style="text-align: right;">340</td><td style="text-align: right;">295</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-13.24%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.57%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">42</td><td>Bolivia</td><td style="text-align: right;">627,950</td><td style="text-align: right;">547,640</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-12.79%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.55%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">43</td><td>Mozambique</td><td style="text-align: right;">433,780</td><td style="text-align: right;">379,400</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-12.54%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.53%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">44</td><td>Guinea</td><td style="text-align: right;">72,640</td><td style="text-align: right;">63,640</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-12.39%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.53%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">45</td><td>Senegal</td><td style="text-align: right;">93,480</td><td style="text-align: right;">82,730</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-11.50%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.49%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">46</td><td>Guinea-Bissau</td><td style="text-align: right;">22,160</td><td style="text-align: right;">19,720</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-11.01%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.47%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">47</td><td>Venezuela</td><td style="text-align: right;">520,260</td><td style="text-align: right;">466,830</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-10.27%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.43%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">48</td><td>Brazil</td><td style="text-align: right;">5,467,050</td><td style="text-align: right;">4,935,380</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-9.72%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.41%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">49</td><td>Sri Lanka</td><td style="text-align: right;">22,840</td><td style="text-align: right;">20,700</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-9.37%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.39%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">50</td><td>Colombia</td><td style="text-align: right;">644,170</td><td style="text-align: right;">585,017</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-9.18%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.38%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">51</td><td>Madagascar</td><td style="text-align: right;">136,920</td><td style="text-align: right;">124,730</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-8.90%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.37%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">52</td><td>Panama</td><td style="text-align: right;">50,400</td><td style="text-align: right;">46,170</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-8.39%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.35%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">53</td><td>Brunei</td><td style="text-align: right;">4,130</td><td style="text-align: right;">3,800</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-7.99%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.33%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">54</td><td>Zambia</td><td style="text-align: right;">528,000</td><td style="text-align: right;">486,350</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-7.89%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.33%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">55</td><td>Portugal</td><td style="text-align: right;">34,360</td><td style="text-align: right;">31,820</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-7.39%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.31%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">56</td><td>St. Lucia</td><td style="text-align: right;">218</td><td style="text-align: right;">203</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-6.88%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.28%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">57</td><td>Eritrea</td><td style="text-align: right;">16,210</td><td style="text-align: right;">15,100</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-6.85%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.28%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">58</td><td>Kenya</td><td style="text-align: right;">47,240</td><td style="text-align: right;">44,130</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-6.58%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.27%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">59</td><td>Mauritius</td><td style="text-align: right;">411</td><td style="text-align: right;">386</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-6.08%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.25%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">60</td><td>Solomon Islands</td><td style="text-align: right;">23,240</td><td style="text-align: right;">21,850</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-5.98%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.25%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">61</td><td>Mexico</td><td style="text-align: right;">697,600</td><td style="text-align: right;">660,400</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-5.33%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.22%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">62</td><td>Angola</td><td style="text-align: right;">609,760</td><td style="text-align: right;">578,560</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-5.12%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.21%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">63</td><td>Peru</td><td style="text-align: right;">779,210</td><td style="text-align: right;">739,730</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-5.07%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.21%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">64</td><td>Congo, Dem. Rep.</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,603,630</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,525,780</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-4.85%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.20%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">65</td><td>Antigua and Barbuda</td><td style="text-align: right;">103</td><td style="text-align: right;">98</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-4.85%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.20%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">66</td><td>American Samoa</td><td style="text-align: right;">184</td><td style="text-align: right;">175</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-4.62%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.19%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">67</td><td>Burundi</td><td style="text-align: right;">2,890</td><td style="text-align: right;">2,760</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-4.50%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.18%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">68</td><td>Bangladesh</td><td style="text-align: right;">14,940</td><td style="text-align: right;">14,290</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-4.35%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.18%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">69</td><td>Sao Tome and Principe</td><td style="text-align: right;">560</td><td style="text-align: right;">536</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-4.29%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.18%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">70</td><td>Kazakhstan</td><td style="text-align: right;">34,220</td><td style="text-align: right;">33,090</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-3.30%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.13%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><br /></td><td style="font-weight: bold;">World</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right;">41,282,695</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right;">39,991,336</td><td style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-align: right;">-3.13%</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right;">-0.13%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">71</td><td>Australia</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,285,410</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,247,510</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-2.95%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.12%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">72</td><td>Korea, South</td><td style="text-align: right;">63,700</td><td style="text-align: right;">61,840</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-2.92%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.12%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">73</td><td>Marshall Islands</td><td style="text-align: right;">130</td><td style="text-align: right;">126</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-2.77%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.11%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">74</td><td>Jamaica</td><td style="text-align: right;">3,446</td><td style="text-align: right;">3,352</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-2.73%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.11%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">75</td><td>Trinidad and Tobago</td><td style="text-align: right;">2,407</td><td style="text-align: right;">2,345</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-2.58%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.10%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">76</td><td>British Virgin Islands</td><td style="text-align: right;">37</td><td style="text-align: right;">36</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-2.43%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.10%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">77</td><td>Sierra Leone</td><td style="text-align: right;">31,180</td><td style="text-align: right;">30,440</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-2.37%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.10%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">78</td><td>Albania</td><td style="text-align: right;">7,888</td><td style="text-align: right;">7,715</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-2.19%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.09%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">79</td><td>Central African Republic</td><td style="text-align: right;">225,600</td><td style="text-align: right;">221,700</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-1.73%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.07%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">80</td><td>Congo, Rep.</td><td style="text-align: right;">227,260</td><td style="text-align: right;">223,340</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-1.72%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.07%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">81</td><td>Bosnia and Herzegovina</td><td style="text-align: right;">22,100</td><td style="text-align: right;">21,850</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-1.13%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.05%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">82</td><td>Armenia</td><td style="text-align: right;">3,350</td><td style="text-align: right;">3,320</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-0.90%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.04%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">83</td><td>Malaysia</td><td style="text-align: right;">223,760</td><td style="text-align: right;">221,950</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-0.81%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.03%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">84</td><td>Guyana</td><td style="text-align: right;">166,600</td><td style="text-align: right;">165,260</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-0.80%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.03%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">85</td><td>Suriname</td><td style="text-align: right;">154,300</td><td style="text-align: right;">153,320</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-0.64%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.03%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">86</td><td>Canada</td><td style="text-align: right;">3,482,730</td><td style="text-align: right;">3,470,690</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-0.35%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.01%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">87</td><td>Luxembourg</td><td style="text-align: right;">870</td><td style="text-align: right;">867</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-0.34%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.01%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">88</td><td>Papua New Guinea</td><td style="text-align: right;">336,270</td><td style="text-align: right;">335,590</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-0.20%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.01%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">89</td><td>Norway</td><td style="text-align: right;">121,320</td><td style="text-align: right;">121,120</td><td style="color: red; text-align: right;">-0.16%</td><td style="text-align: right;">-0.01%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Afghanistan</td><td style="text-align: right;">13,500</td><td style="text-align: right;">13,500</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Andorra</td><td style="text-align: right;">160</td><td style="text-align: right;">160</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Aruba</td><td style="text-align: right;">4</td><td style="text-align: right;">4</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Bahamas</td><td style="text-align: right;">5,150</td><td style="text-align: right;">5,150</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Barbados</td><td style="text-align: right;">63</td><td style="text-align: right;">63</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Bermuda</td><td style="text-align: right;">10</td><td style="text-align: right;">10</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Cayman Islands</td><td style="text-align: right;">127</td><td style="text-align: right;">127</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Channel Islands</td><td style="text-align: right;">8</td><td style="text-align: right;">8</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Djibouti</td><td style="text-align: right;">56</td><td style="text-align: right;">56</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Faroe Islands</td><td style="text-align: right;">1</td><td style="text-align: right;">1</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Greenland</td><td style="text-align: right;">2</td><td style="text-align: right;">2</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Grenada</td><td style="text-align: right;">170</td><td style="text-align: right;">170</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Guam</td><td style="text-align: right;">250</td><td style="text-align: right;">250</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Isle of Man</td><td style="text-align: right;">35</td><td style="text-align: right;">35</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Jordan</td><td style="text-align: right;">975</td><td style="text-align: right;">975</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Kiribati</td><td style="text-align: right;">122</td><td style="text-align: right;">122</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Libya</td><td style="text-align: right;">2,170</td><td style="text-align: right;">2,170</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Maldives</td><td style="text-align: right;">10</td><td style="text-align: right;">10</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Malta</td><td style="text-align: right;">4</td><td style="text-align: right;">4</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>New Caledonia</td><td style="text-align: right;">8,390</td><td style="text-align: right;">8,390</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Oman</td><td style="text-align: right;">20</td><td style="text-align: right;">20</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Saudi Arabia</td><td style="text-align: right;">9,770</td><td style="text-align: right;">9,770</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Seychelles</td><td style="text-align: right;">407</td><td style="text-align: right;">407</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Singapore</td><td style="text-align: right;">164</td><td style="text-align: right;">164</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>South Africa</td><td style="text-align: right;">92,410</td><td style="text-align: right;">92,410</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>St. Kitts and Nevis</td><td style="text-align: right;">110</td><td style="text-align: right;">110</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>St. Martin (French part)</td><td style="text-align: right;">10</td><td style="text-align: right;">10</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Tonga</td><td style="text-align: right;">90</td><td style="text-align: right;">90</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Turkmenistan</td><td style="text-align: right;">41,270</td><td style="text-align: right;">41,270</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Turks and Caicos Islands</td><td style="text-align: right;">344</td><td style="text-align: right;">344</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Tuvalu</td><td style="text-align: right;">10</td><td style="text-align: right;">10</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Vanuatu</td><td style="text-align: right;">4,400</td><td style="text-align: right;">4,400</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">90</td><td>Yemen</td><td style="text-align: right;">5,490</td><td style="text-align: right;">5,490</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">123</td><td>Japan</td><td style="text-align: right;">249,500</td><td style="text-align: right;">249,580</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">0.03%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">124</td><td>Sweden</td><td style="text-align: right;">280,630</td><td style="text-align: right;">280,730</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">0.04%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">125</td><td>Mongolia</td><td style="text-align: right;">125,360</td><td style="text-align: right;">125,528</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">0.13%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.01%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">126</td><td>Micronesia</td><td style="text-align: right;">640</td><td style="text-align: right;">643</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">0.42%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.02%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">127</td><td>Russia</td><td style="text-align: right;">8,089,500</td><td style="text-align: right;">8,149,305</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">0.74%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.03%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">128</td><td>Slovak Republic</td><td style="text-align: right;">19,220</td><td style="text-align: right;">19,400</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">0.94%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.04%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">129</td><td>Tajikistan</td><td style="text-align: right;">4,080</td><td style="text-align: right;">4,120</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">0.98%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.04%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">130</td><td>West Bank and Gaza</td><td style="text-align: right;">91</td><td style="text-align: right;">92</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">0.99%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.04%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">131</td><td>Germany</td><td style="text-align: right;">113,000</td><td style="text-align: right;">114,190</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">1.05%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.04%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">132</td><td>Estonia</td><td style="text-align: right;">22,060</td><td style="text-align: right;">22,320</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">1.18%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.05%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">133</td><td>Czech Republic</td><td style="text-align: right;">26,290</td><td style="text-align: right;">26,670</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">1.45%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.06%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">134</td><td>Finland</td><td style="text-align: right;">218,750</td><td style="text-align: right;">222,180</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">1.57%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.06%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">135</td><td>Cote d'Ivoire</td><td style="text-align: right;">102,220</td><td style="text-align: right;">104,010</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">1.75%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.07%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">136</td><td>Belgium</td><td style="text-align: right;">6,670</td><td style="text-align: right;">6,834</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">2.46%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.10%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">137</td><td>Austria</td><td style="text-align: right;">37,760</td><td style="text-align: right;">38,690</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">2.46%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.10%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">138</td><td>United States</td><td style="text-align: right;">3,024,500</td><td style="text-align: right;">3,100,950</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">2.53%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.10%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">139</td><td>Georgia</td><td style="text-align: right;">27,520</td><td style="text-align: right;">28,224</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">2.56%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.10%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">140</td><td>Iraq</td><td style="text-align: right;">8,040</td><td style="text-align: right;">8,250</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">2.61%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.10%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">141</td><td>Croatia</td><td style="text-align: right;">18,500</td><td style="text-align: right;">19,220</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">3.89%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.15%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">142</td><td>Ukraine</td><td style="text-align: right;">92,740</td><td style="text-align: right;">96,570</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">4.13%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.16%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">143</td><td>Gabon</td><td style="text-align: right;">220,000</td><td style="text-align: right;">230,000</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">4.55%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.18%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">144</td><td>Lebanon</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,310</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,373</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">4.81%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.19%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">145</td><td>Slovenia</td><td style="text-align: right;">11,880</td><td style="text-align: right;">12,480</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">5.05%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.20%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">146</td><td>New Zealand</td><td style="text-align: right;">96,580</td><td style="text-align: right;">101,520</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">5.11%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.20%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">147</td><td>Uzbekistan</td><td style="text-align: right;">30,450</td><td style="text-align: right;">32,199</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">5.74%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.22%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">148</td><td>Latvia</td><td style="text-align: right;">31,730</td><td style="text-align: right;">33,560</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">5.77%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.22%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">149</td><td>Palau</td><td style="text-align: right;">380</td><td style="text-align: right;">403</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">6.05%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.24%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">150</td><td>Liechtenstein</td><td style="text-align: right;">65</td><td style="text-align: right;">69</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">6.15%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.24%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">151</td><td>Poland</td><td style="text-align: right;">88,810</td><td style="text-align: right;">94,350</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">6.24%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.24%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">152</td><td>Laos</td><td style="text-align: right;">176,449</td><td style="text-align: right;">187,614</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">6.33%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.25%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">153</td><td>Fiji</td><td style="text-align: right;">9,529</td><td style="text-align: right;">10,172</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">6.75%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.26%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">154</td><td>Cyprus</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,611</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,727</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">7.19%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.28%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">155</td><td>Costa Rica</td><td style="text-align: right;">25,640</td><td style="text-align: right;">27,560</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">7.49%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.29%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">156</td><td>Romania</td><td style="text-align: right;">63,710</td><td style="text-align: right;">68,610</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">7.69%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.30%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">157</td><td>St. Vincent and the Grenadines</td><td style="text-align: right;">250</td><td style="text-align: right;">270</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">8.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.31%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">158</td><td>Ghana</td><td style="text-align: right;">86,270</td><td style="text-align: right;">93,370</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">8.23%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.32%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">159</td><td>Switzerland</td><td style="text-align: right;">11,510</td><td style="text-align: right;">12,540</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">8.95%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.34%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">160</td><td>Netherlands</td><td style="text-align: right;">3,450</td><td style="text-align: right;">3,760</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">8.99%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.34%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">161</td><td>Macedonia</td><td style="text-align: right;">9,120</td><td style="text-align: right;">9,980</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">9.43%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.36%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">162</td><td>Serbia</td><td style="text-align: right;">24,760</td><td style="text-align: right;">27,200</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">9.85%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.38%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">163</td><td>Bhutan</td><td style="text-align: right;">25,067</td><td style="text-align: right;">27,549</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">9.90%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.38%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">164</td><td>Gambia</td><td style="text-align: right;">4,420</td><td style="text-align: right;">4,880</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">10.41%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.40%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">165</td><td>India</td><td style="text-align: right;">639,390</td><td style="text-align: right;">706,820</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">10.55%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.40%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">166</td><td>Belarus</td><td style="text-align: right;">77,800</td><td style="text-align: right;">86,335</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">10.97%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.42%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">167</td><td>Lithuania</td><td style="text-align: right;">19,450</td><td style="text-align: right;">21,800</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">12.08%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.46%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">168</td><td>Denmark</td><td style="text-align: right;">5,432</td><td style="text-align: right;">6,122</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">12.70%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.48%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">169</td><td>United Kingdom</td><td style="text-align: right;">27,780</td><td style="text-align: right;">31,440</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">13.17%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.50%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">170</td><td>Morocco</td><td style="text-align: right;">49,540</td><td style="text-align: right;">56,320</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">13.69%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.51%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">171</td><td>Hungary</td><td style="text-align: right;">18,010</td><td style="text-align: right;">20,690</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">14.88%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.56%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">172</td><td>Bulgaria</td><td style="text-align: right;">33,270</td><td style="text-align: right;">38,230</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">14.91%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.56%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">173</td><td>Chile</td><td style="text-align: right;">152,630</td><td style="text-align: right;">177,350</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">16.20%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.60%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">174</td><td>Thailand</td><td style="text-align: right;">140,050</td><td style="text-align: right;">163,990</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">17.09%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.63%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">175</td><td>Algeria</td><td style="text-align: right;">16,670</td><td style="text-align: right;">19,560</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">17.34%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.64%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">176</td><td>France</td><td style="text-align: right;">144,360</td><td style="text-align: right;">169,890</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">17.68%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.65%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">177</td><td>Iran</td><td style="text-align: right;">90,761</td><td style="text-align: right;">106,920</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">17.80%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.66%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">178</td><td>Turkey</td><td style="text-align: right;">96,220</td><td style="text-align: right;">117,150</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">21.75%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.79%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">179</td><td>Italy</td><td style="text-align: right;">75,900</td><td style="text-align: right;">92,970</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">22.49%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.81%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">180</td><td>Lesotho</td><td style="text-align: right;">400</td><td style="text-align: right;">490</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">22.50%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.82%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">181</td><td>Philippines</td><td style="text-align: right;">65,550</td><td style="text-align: right;">80,400</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">22.65%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.82%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">182</td><td>Greece</td><td style="text-align: right;">32,990</td><td style="text-align: right;">40,540</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">22.89%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.83%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">183</td><td>Swaziland</td><td style="text-align: right;">4,720</td><td style="text-align: right;">5,860</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">24.15%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.87%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">184</td><td>Israel</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,320</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,650</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">25.00%</td><td style="text-align: right;">0.90%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">185</td><td>Moldova</td><td style="text-align: right;">3,190</td><td style="text-align: right;">4,090</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">28.21%</td><td style="text-align: right;">1.00%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">186</td><td>Samoa</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,300</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,710</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">31.54%</td><td style="text-align: right;">1.10%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">187</td><td>United Arab Emirates</td><td style="text-align: right;">2,450</td><td style="text-align: right;">3,226</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">31.67%</td><td style="text-align: right;">1.11%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">188</td><td>Syria</td><td style="text-align: right;">3,720</td><td style="text-align: right;">4,910</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">31.99%</td><td style="text-align: right;">1.12%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">189</td><td>Montenegro</td><td style="text-align: right;">6,260</td><td style="text-align: right;">8,270</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">32.11%</td><td style="text-align: right;">1.12%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">190</td><td>China</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,571,406</td><td style="text-align: right;">2,083,213</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">32.57%</td><td style="text-align: right;">1.13%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">191</td><td>Spain</td><td style="text-align: right;">138,095</td><td style="text-align: right;">184,179</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">33.37%</td><td style="text-align: right;">1.16%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">192</td><td>Azerbaijan</td><td style="text-align: right;">8,520</td><td style="text-align: right;">11,394</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">33.73%</td><td style="text-align: right;">1.17%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">193</td><td>Rwanda</td><td style="text-align: right;">3,180</td><td style="text-align: right;">4,800</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">50.94%</td><td style="text-align: right;">1.66%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">194</td><td>Cuba</td><td style="text-align: right;">20,580</td><td style="text-align: right;">32,000</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">55.49%</td><td style="text-align: right;">1.78%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">195</td><td>Cabo Verde</td><td style="text-align: right;">578</td><td style="text-align: right;">899</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">55.67%</td><td style="text-align: right;">1.79%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">196</td><td>Vietnam</td><td style="text-align: right;">93,630</td><td style="text-align: right;">147,730</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">57.78%</td><td style="text-align: right;">1.84%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">197</td><td>Tunisia</td><td style="text-align: right;">6,430</td><td style="text-align: right;">10,410</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">61.90%</td><td style="text-align: right;">1.95%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">198</td><td>Ireland</td><td style="text-align: right;">4,650</td><td style="text-align: right;">7,540</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">62.15%</td><td style="text-align: right;">1.95%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">199</td><td>Egypt</td><td style="text-align: right;">440</td><td style="text-align: right;">730</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">65.91%</td><td style="text-align: right;">2.05%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">200</td><td>Puerto Rico</td><td style="text-align: right;">2,870</td><td style="text-align: right;">4,960</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">72.80%</td><td style="text-align: right;">2.21%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">201</td><td>Dominican Republic</td><td style="text-align: right;">11,050</td><td style="text-align: right;">19,830</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">79.46%</td><td style="text-align: right;">2.37%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">202</td><td>Kuwait</td><td style="text-align: right;">35</td><td style="text-align: right;">63</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">81.16%</td><td style="text-align: right;">2.41%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">203</td><td>Uruguay</td><td style="text-align: right;">7,978</td><td style="text-align: right;">18,450</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">131.26%</td><td style="text-align: right;">3.41%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">204</td><td>Bahrain</td><td style="text-align: right;">2</td><td style="text-align: right;">6</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">172.73%</td><td style="text-align: right;">4.09%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">205</td><td>French Polynesia</td><td style="text-align: right;">550</td><td style="text-align: right;">1,550</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">181.82%</td><td style="text-align: right;">4.23%</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;">206</td><td>Iceland</td><td style="text-align: right;">161</td><td style="text-align: right;">492</td><td style="color: #006600; text-align: right;">205.59%</td><td style="text-align: right;">4.57%</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-style: italic;">Source:</span> World Bank. (2018). <span style="font-style: italic;">World Development Indicators</span> (Last Updated on March 1, 2018). Washington, DC: World Bank.Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-23379963551266893792018-01-02T06:42:00.000-05:002019-01-03T18:37:46.961-05:00Cost of Energy Comparison, Including Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)—2018 Update<div>
I updated the list in a new post for the year of 2019. Please move to the post cited below.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Park, H. (2019). Cost of Energy Comparison, Including Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)—2019 Update [Blog post]. Retrieved from <a href="http://j.mp/LCOE_2019">http://j.mp/LCOE_2019</a></div>
Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-38389870052235019662017-08-28T03:58:00.000-04:002017-08-28T03:58:07.271-04:00Per Capita Residential and Industrial Electricity Consumption in G20 Countries, 2000–2015It is a maintenance update of <a href="http://j.mp/G20-Electricity">my previous post</a>.<br />
I've updated the post's two figures with latest data.<br />
<br />
<b>Figure 1: Per Capita Residential Electricity Consumption of G20 Countries, 2000–2015</b><br />
<img src="http://j.mp/G20-Residential" width="100%" /><br />
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<b><br /></b>
<b>Figure 2: Per Capita Industrial Electricity Consumption of G20 Countries, 2000–2015</b><br />
<img src="http://j.mp/G20-Industrial" width="100%" /><br />
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<i><br /></i>
<i>Data sources:</i><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>(1) Electricity consumption:</b><br />
International Energy Agency. (2003). <i>Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries 2003</i>. Paris, France: IEA Publications.<br />
International Energy Agency. (2008). <i>Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries 2008</i>. Paris, France: IEA Publications.<br />
International Energy Agency. (2013). <i>Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries 2013</i>. Paris, France: IEA Publications.<br />
International Energy Agency. (2017). <i>Electricity Information 2017</i>. Paris, France: IEA Publications.<br />
International Energy Agency. (2017). <i>World Energy Statistics 2017</i>. Paris, France: IEA Publications.<br />
<b>(2) Population:</b><br />
World Bank. (2017). <i>World Development Indicators—July 1, 2017</i>. Washington, DC: World Bank.Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-66059895290075845932017-05-11T03:50:00.000-04:002017-05-11T04:02:13.948-04:00Due to Accelerating Greenhouse Effect, Oceans Are Recently Losing More Oxygen, with Deeper Water Masses Leaking Even FurtherWe know <a href="http://j.mp/EarthEnergyAllocation">global oceans are absorbing 93 % of increased Earth’s heat content</a> due to greenhouse effect, which are caused by anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>). Are those oceans just very generous bottomless sinks of global heat with no side effects? Of course, “NO”. They have been leaking oxygen into the atmosphere, possibly due to the rising water temperature.<br />
<br />
The finding comes from a recent paper published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters. Historic observations of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the global oceans from 1958 to 2015 quantitatively prove a significantly negative correlation between the DO and ocean heat content (OHC). Yes, our oceans are losing oxygen.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21399">Sounds familiar?</a> But, this study goes further. It shows that deeper water is losing more oxygen than the water at shallower depths. The reason? Deeper ocean is storing more heat. I regret that I cannot show the disturbing graphs here. Check out the paper by clicking the link below.<br />
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<i>Reference:</i> Ito, T., Minobe, S., Long, M. C., & Deutsch, C. (2017). Upper Ocean O<sub>2</sub> Trends: 1958–2015. <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>, (In Press), n/a–n/a. [Full-text at <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073613">https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073613</a>]<br />
<br />
<img src="http://www.rh.gatech.edu/hg/image/591303/original" width="100%" /><br />
Figure: Global map of the linear trend of dissolved oxygen at the depth of 100 meters. (Credit: <a href="http://www.rh.gatech.edu/news/591290/decades-data-worlds-oceans-reveal-troubling-oxygen-decline">Georgia Tech</a>)Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-25349578801935403272017-04-21T07:34:00.000-04:002018-12-19T09:23:38.292-05:00“Protecting 50 % of Earth’s Surface Area”: the CBD’s Equivalent Goal to the UNFCCC’s Target of “Limiting Surface Temperature Rise to 2 Degrees”<img src="https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2940/33800803760_70f87b5dc7_o.jpg" width="100%" /><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Source:</i> Dinerstein et al., 2017</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
I thought Edward O. Wilson was the first person who called for <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/13/opinion/sunday/the-global-solution-to-extinction.html">protecting half of the global terrestrial area</a> in order to avoid <a href="http://us.macmillan.com/books/9780805092998">catastrophic mass extinctions</a>. Now, however, I learned the “<a href="http://www.half-earthproject.org/">Half-Earth</a>” (Wilson, 2016) or “<a href="http://natureneedshalf.org/">Nature Needs Half</a>” (Locke, 2013) slogans have a decades-long robust scientific consensus among conservation biologists, dating back to Odum brothers’ 1972 paper. This month, a group of scientists published a comprehensive review paper (Dinerstein et al., 2017) in <i>BioScience</i> along with online thematic maps of 864 ecoregions distributed among the Earth’s 14 terrestrial biomes at <a href="http://ecoregions2017.appspot.com/">http://ecoregions2017.appspot.com/</a>.<br />
<br />
For this paper, the authors have updated the famous <a href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/publications/terrestrial-ecoregions-of-the-world">2001 ecoregions map</a>. Then they assessed the extent of both protected areas and remaining natural habitat withing each (forested and nonforested) ecoregion. Previously, <a href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/protected-planet-report-2016">about 15 % of global land was known to be protected</a>. According to this new analysis, only 12 % of the terrestrial biosphere (13 % of forested biomes and 10 % of nonforested biomes) is protected. So the authors suggest that the global efforts increase the amount of land under formal protection by 8 to 10 % per decade, while the current increase rate is 4 % per decade.<br />
<br />
So, I think the <a href="https://www.cbd.int/">Convention on Biological Diversity</a> can set the “Half-Earth” as a tentative global goal that is its equivalent target to the UNFCCC’s goal of limiting global warming under 2 degrees Celsius from pre-industrial global average surface temperature. Of course, when the IPBES’s global assessment on biodiversity and ecosystem services is published in <a href="http://www.ipbes.net/sites/default/files/downloads/pdf/Scoping_Global%20assessment.pdf">2019 (2nd quarter)</a>, the official global target endorsed by policymakers might become stricter, just as <a href="http://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/convention/application/pdf/english_paris_agreement.pdf">the Paris Agreement</a> called for limiting the temperature increase to “below 1.5 degrees Celsius” above pre-industrial levels, even further than IPCC’s previous recommendation of 2 degrees-warming.<br />
<br />
<i>References:</i><br />
<br />
Dinerstein, E., et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm. <i>BioScience</i>, <i>67</i>(6), 534–545. [Full-text at <a href="http://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix014">http://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix014</a>]<br />
<br />
Locke, H. (2013). Nature Needs Half: A Necessary and Hopeful New Agenda for Protected Areas. <i>Parks</i>, <i>19</i>(2), 9–18. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/Locke2013">http://j.mp/Locke2013</a>]<br />
<br />
Odum, E. D., & Odum, H. T. (1972). Natural Areas as Necessary Components of Man’s Total Environment. In <i>Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference</i> (pp. 178–189). Washington, DC: Wildlife Management Institute.<br />
<br />
Wilson, E. O. (2016). <i>Half-Earth: Our Planet’s Fight for Life</i>. New York, NY: Liveright.Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-91552930164147279082017-04-02T22:05:00.000-04:002018-04-04T16:30:43.384-04:00Analytical Conceptual Frameworks of IPBES: An UpdateThis is a minor update of my previous (June 2014) post (“Analytical Conceptual Frameworks of IPBES”) at <a href="http://j.mp/IPBES">http://j.mp/IPBES</a>. There was a small change from the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES).<br />
<br />
The “Nature’s Benefits to People,” a key component of the IPBES’s analytical conceptual frameworks, was renamed to “Nature’s Contributions to People” (<b>NCP</b>) by the October 2016 decision of the platform’s Multidisciplinary Expert Panel (MEP) for the following two reasons (see <a href="http://www.ipbes.net/sites/default/files/downloads/pdf/ipbes-5-inf-24.pdf">IPBES/5/INF/24</a>):<br />
<ol>
<li>The word “benefits”, with its strongly positive connotation, wrongly conveyed the idea that negative contributions from nature towards peoples’ good quality of life would be excluded.</li>
<li>The different meanings of the word “benefits” in common speech in different languages as well as in the social sciences and the valuation literature represented potential sources of confusion. </li>
</ol>
Therefore, <b>NCP</b> represents of <i>two</i> contributions that people obtain from nature (Pascual <i>et al</i>., 2017):<br />
<ol>
<li>All the <u>positive</u> contributions or benefits</li>
<li>Occasionally <u>negative</u> contributions, losses or detriments</li>
</ol>
So, I have updated the Analytical Conceptual Frameworks of IPBES. Please note that “only images and web-links” are updated. All the remaining are the same.<br />
<br />
<hr />
<b>Analytical Conceptual Frameworks of IPBES: An Update</b><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;">Now the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Reports (a.k.a. AR5) are </span><a href="http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/" style="background-color: white; color: #c94093; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; text-decoration-line: none;">all released except the Synthesis part</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;">. There is a relatively new IPCC-like intergovernmental organization focusing on biodiversity and ecosystem services.</span><br />
<a href="http://ipbes.net/" style="background-color: white; color: #c94093; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; text-decoration-line: none;">The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, or IPBES</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;">, has launched in 2012.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;">I welcome this new organization wholeheartedly. See, the title of my blog is "Energy and Ecology." If the IPCC is more about energy (as a means of climate change mitigation), the IPBES is more about ecology.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;">Just as the IPCC has done to connect science and policy since the publication of the First Assessment Report (FAR) in 1990, the IPBES is planning to generate timely assessment reports regularly for the world's policymakers. </span><a href="http://ipbes.net/work-programme/objective-2/45-work-programme/457-deliverable-2c.html" style="background-color: white; color: #c94093; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; text-decoration-line: none;">The first global assessment of the IPBES is scheduled to be published by 2018</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;"> and will replace </span><a href="http://www.maweb.org/en/index.aspx" style="background-color: white; color: #c94093; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; text-decoration-line: none;">the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;"> (published by WRI, UNEP, the World Bank, and UNDP in 2005) as the most authoritative report on the status of the Earth's biomes and ecosystems.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;">The following figures are a beautified version of the IPBES's </span><b style="background-color: white; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif;">analytical conceptual framework and operational conceptual model</b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;"> drawn by the Platform's experts at the 2013 IPBES's second Plenary (IPBES-2). These figures will provide a basis of future IPBES studies. In the analytical framework (Figure 1), there are six building-blocks and two big arrows representing spatial and temporal scales each. The operational model (Figure 2) explains how science and policy interacts with each other through the IPBES processes, while the analytical framework supports the four functions of the IPBES – knowledge generation, assessments, policy support tools and methodologies, and capacity-building.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;">These figures appear to be influenced by the </span><a href="http://uknea.unep-wcmc.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=KSXkgw7AKSY%3D&tabid=82" style="background-color: white; color: #c94093; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; text-decoration-line: none;">conceptual framework</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;"> of the </span><a href="http://uknea.unep-wcmc.org/Resources/tabid/82/Default.aspx" style="background-color: white; color: #c94093; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; text-decoration-line: none;">United Kingdom's 2011 National Ecosystem Assessment</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;"> (2011) as well as </span><a href="http://www.maweb.org/documents/document.765.aspx.pdf" style="background-color: white; color: #c94093; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; text-decoration-line: none;">that of the United Nations Millennium Ecosystem Assessment</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;"> (2005). Interestingly, the IPBES analytical conceptual framework has made the UK NEA framework updated as manifested in its </span><a href="http://uknea.unep-wcmc.org/Resources/tabid/82/Default.aspx" style="background-color: white; color: #c94093; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; text-decoration-line: none;">follow-on phase report</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;"> (2014) (Figure 3). </span><a href="http://ipbes.net/images/K1353197-en.pdf" style="background-color: white; color: #c94093; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; text-decoration-line: none;">A detailed explanation of Figures 1 and 2</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;"> can be found in the </span><a href="http://ipbes.net/plenary/ipbes-2.html" style="background-color: white; color: #c94093; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; text-decoration-line: none;">IPBES-2 report</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;"> (2014) and could be compared with </span><a href="http://www.maweb.org/documents/document.765.aspx.pdf" style="background-color: white; color: #c94093; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; text-decoration-line: none;">the conceptual framework of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;">.</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif;" />
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif;">Figure 1. IPBES Analytical Conceptual Framework</b><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;">(vector [emf] image: <a href="http://j.mp/IPBES-ACF">http://j.mp/IPBES-ACF</a></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;">)</span><br />
<img src="https://farm1.staticflickr.com/796/40524399834_9fd4a0379b_o.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: transparent 0px 0px 0px !important; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif;" width="100%" /><br />
<i style="background-color: white; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif;">Source:</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;"> My drawing based on <a href="https://www.ipbes.net/event/ipbes-5-plenary">IPBES-5</a></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;">.</span><b style="background-color: white; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;"></span><b style="background-color: white; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif;"><br /></b><br />
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif;">Figure 2. Operational Conceptual Model of the IPBES</b><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;">(vector [emf] image: <a href="http://j.mp/IPBES-OCM">http://j.mp/IPBES-OCM</a></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;">)</span><br />
<img src="https://c1.staticflickr.com/5/4157/34195154876_1f84da3d19_o.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: transparent 0px 0px 0px !important; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif;" width="100%" /><br />
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif;"><br /></b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;"></span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif;">Source:</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;"> My drawing based on <a href="https://www.ipbes.net/event/ipbes-5-plenary">IPBES-5</a></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;">.</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif;" />
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif;">Figure 3. UK NEA Follow-on Phase Ecosystem Services Conceptual Framework</b><br />
<img src="https://c2.staticflickr.com/8/7635/28866386355_2c77894e93_o.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: transparent 0px 0px 0px !important; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif;" width="76.6%" /><br />
<i style="background-color: white; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif;">Source:</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;"> My drawing based on </span><a href="http://uknea.unep-wcmc.org/Resources/tabid/82/Default.aspx" style="background-color: white; color: #c94093; font-family: "Source Sans Pro", sans-serif; text-decoration-line: none;">UK NEA FO</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;">.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span>
<br />
<hr />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "source sans pro" , sans-serif;"><i>Reference:</i> Pascual, U., Balvanera, P., Díaz, S., Pataki, G., Roth, E., Stenseke, M., . . . Yagi, N. (2017). Valuing nature’s contributions to people: the IPBES approach. <i>Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability</i>, <i>26–27</i>, 7–16. doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2016.12.006</span>Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-11108883267477327282017-02-19T16:56:00.001-05:002018-01-02T06:45:30.602-05:00Cost of Energy Comparison, Including Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)—2017 Update<center style="text-align: left;">
I updated the list in a new post for the year of 2018. Please move to the post cited below.</center>
<center style="text-align: left;">
</center>
<center style="text-align: left;">
Park, H. (2018). Cost of Energy Comparison, Including Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)—2018 Update [Blog post]. Retrieved from <a href="http://j.mp/LCOE_2018">http://j.mp/LCOE_2018</a></center>
Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-65078299499362075702016-07-15T01:46:00.000-04:002016-07-15T02:31:21.727-04:00In 2025, Onshore Wind and Large-Scale Solar Will Outperform NuclearAccording to the UK’s Department of Energy & Climate Change (DECC), the estimated future costs (in 2025) of onshore wind and large-scale solar power will be more competitive than that of nuclear power. As we can obviously notice, DECC's estimates for the same year were quite different just 3 or 6 years ago. It is good news for those countries who have to greatly increase the shares of low-carbon energy sources to satisfy the mitigation pledges manifested in their <a href="http://unfccc.int/focus/indc_portal/items/8766.php">Intended Nationally Determined Contributions</a> (INDCs; or now, their first <a href="http://unfccc.int/focus/ndc_registry/items/9433.php">Nationally Determined Contributions</a> [NDCs]).<br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>Note:</i> If you want to know the current cost estimates of different energy technologies, please read my previous post (“Cost of Energy Comparison, Including Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) - 2016 Update” at <a href="http://j.mp/LCOE_2016">http://j.mp/LCOE_2016</a>).<br />
<br />
<b>Figure: Levelized cost of generating 1 MWh with different technologies in 2025: changes in DECC’s estimates</b><br />
<br />
<img src="https://c2.staticflickr.com/8/7704/28284437356_f32b3fd438_o.png" width="100%" /><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>Source:</i> National Audit Office. (2016). <i>Nuclear Power in the UK</i>. London, UK: National Audit Office. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/2016_UK_LCOE">http://j.mp/2016_UK_LCOE</a>]<br />
<br />
$/£ Exchange Rate in 2014: 1 pound sterling = <span style="color: #7030a0;"><b>$1.6484 </b></span>(<i>Source:</i> <a href="https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/AEXUSUK">https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/AEXUSUK</a>)<br />
<br />Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-73712788572124402932016-01-18T14:26:00.000-05:002017-02-19T17:01:09.282-05:00Cost of Energy Comparison, Including Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) - 2016 Update<center>
<center style="text-align: left;">
I updated the list in a new post for the year of 2017. Please move to the post cited below.</center>
<center style="text-align: left;">
</center>
<center style="text-align: left;">
Park, H. (2017). Cost of Energy Comparison, Including Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE)—2017 Update [Blog post]. Retrieved from <a href="http://j.mp/LCOE_2017">http://j.mp/LCOE_2017</a></center>
</center>
Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-18056250019035243262015-12-01T15:46:00.001-05:002015-12-08T10:00:26.696-05:00Suicide Rates in Old Age: An International ComparisonI have compared elderly suicide rates among 34 countries. As we can easily observe from the figure below, South Korea’s elderly suicide rates are a big problem in the country.<br />
In Korea, among 100,000 people who are 75 years old and over, 109 people committed suicide in 2009. The second-highest suicide rate in this comparison (42/100,000 in Hungary) is less than half of the tragic number.<br />
<img src="https://farm1.staticflickr.com/767/22824764554_c143b6bd47_o.png" width="100%" /><br />
<br />
<i>Source:</i> WHO (2014)<br />
<i>Note: </i>All data (‘number of deaths’ and ‘age group population’) are from 2009, except Canada (2005) and United States of America (2007).<br />
<i><br /></i>
<i><br /></i>
South Korea’s high suicide rates among elders might be partially caused by their poverty. Among OECD countries, South Korean elders suffer the most from destitution.
<img src="https://farm1.staticflickr.com/572/22981446574_1886cebb86_o.png" width="100%" /><br />
<i>Source:</i> OECD (2015)<br />
<i>Note: </i>All data are from 2013 or most recent year.<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<br />
<i>References:</i><br />
<br />
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2015). <i>Pensions at a Glance 2015: OECD and G20 Indicators</i>. Paris, France: OECD Publishing. [Full-text at <a href="http://j.mp/OECD_Pensions_2015">http://j.mp/OECD_Pensions_2015</a>]<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
World Health Organization. (2014). <i>WHO Mortality Database</i>. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. [Data at <a href="http://apps.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/mortality/whodpms/">http://apps.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/mortality/whodpms/</a>]</div>
Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-449599837305826989.post-63319139111103024862015-09-12T23:32:00.001-04:002015-09-15T15:24:36.167-04:00Life Expectancy and Energy Consumption: Countries and U.S. States - an Update<span style="font-family: inherit;">All of a sudden, I wanted to update <a href="http://j.mp/Energy_LE">my old post</a> with the latest data. So I did using</span> the year 2010 data<span style="font-family: inherit;">. </span>Below, I'm presenting a summary plot first, and then you can find the data table.<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">In general, as you can easily observe from the figure, longer-living people consume more energy. However, the U.S. states look different. The slope of the trend line is negative in the United States.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">Life Expectancy and Energy Use: Countries and U.S. States</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">(All data are from the year 2010.)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><img src="https://farm1.staticflickr.com/625/20823396484_9aae727aac_o.png" width="100%" /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><i>Data table:</i></span><br />
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="xl6325162" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: black; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; table-layout: fixed; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; width: 459px;"><colgroup><col class="xl6725162" style="font-weight: 700; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle; width: 217pt;" width="289"></col><col class="xl6825162" style="padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle; width: 57pt;" width="76"></col><col class="xl6925162" style="padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle; width: 71pt;" width="94"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr height="80" style="height: 60pt;"><td class="xl7325162" height="80" style="background: rgb(221, 235, 247); border-bottom-color: rgb(155, 194, 230); border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-style: none none solid; font-weight: 700; height: 60pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle; white-space: normal; width: 217pt;" width="289"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Country / State</span></td><td class="xl7425162" style="background: rgb(221, 235, 247); border-bottom-color: rgb(155, 194, 230); border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-style: none none solid; font-weight: 700; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: normal; width: 57pt;" width="76"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Life expectancy at birth (years)</span></td><td class="xl7525162" style="background: rgb(221, 235, 247); border-bottom-color: rgb(155, 194, 230); border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-style: none none solid; font-weight: 700; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: normal; width: 71pt;" width="94"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Energy use (tonnes of oil equivalent per capita)</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Hong Kong SAR, China</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">82.98</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">4.855</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Japan</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">82.84</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">4.305</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Switzerland</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">82.25</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">4.272</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Italy</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">82.04</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3.178</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Iceland</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">81.90</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">17.354</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Australia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">81.70</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">6.962</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">France</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">81.66</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">4.278</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Spain</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">81.63</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3.383</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Israel</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">81.60</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3.269</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Singapore</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">81.54</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">14.084</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Sweden</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">81.45</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">6.113</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Malta</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">81.40</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">6.489</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Hawaii</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">81.30</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">5.065</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Minnesota</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">81.05</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">8.820</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Norway</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">81.00</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">9.928</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Canada</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">80.89</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">9.692</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Connecticut</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">80.82</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">5.342</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">California</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">80.77</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">5.267</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Ireland</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">80.74</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3.464</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Netherlands</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">80.70</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">6.491</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">New Zealand</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">80.70</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">5.122</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Faroe Islands</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">80.64</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">5.597</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Luxembourg</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">80.63</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">10.016</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Austria</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">80.58</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">4.681</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Korea, South</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">80.55</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">5.608</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Massachusetts</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">80.52</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">5.418</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">New York</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">80.48</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">4.813</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Vermont</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">80.45</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">6.023</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">United Kingdom</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">80.40</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3.605</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Greece</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">80.39</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3.164</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">New Hampshire</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">80.32</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">5.594</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">New Jersey</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">80.28</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">6.879</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Belgium</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">80.23</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">6.866</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Utah</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">80.20</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">6.854</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Colorado</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">80.02</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">7.535</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Germany</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.99</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">4.328</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Wisconsin</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.98</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">7.913</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Washington</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.92</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">7.610</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Finland</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.87</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">6.223</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Rhode Island</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.87</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">4.561</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Nebraska</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.84</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">11.819</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Iowa</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.71</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">12.323</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Macao SAR, China</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.69</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.293</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Arizona</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.64</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">5.418</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">North Dakota</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.55</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">17.741</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Oregon</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.52</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">6.426</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Idaho</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.49</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">8.316</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">South Dakota</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.47</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">11.642</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Florida</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.45</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">5.720</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Slovenia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.42</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3.914</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Cyprus</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.31</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2.777</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Bermuda</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.29</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3.571</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Costa Rica</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.28</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.044</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Lebanon</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.25</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.667</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Maine</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.19</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">7.812</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Taiwan</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.18</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">5.352</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Denmark</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.10</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3.786</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Chile</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.05</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.987</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Portugal</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.03</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2.623</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Virginia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">79.01</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">7.787</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Illinois</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">78.96</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">7.761</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Maryland</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">78.80</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">6.401</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Kansas</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">78.72</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">10.256</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Cuba</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">78.72</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.908</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">United States</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">78.54</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">7.942</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Pennsylvania</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">78.50</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">7.434</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Montana</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">78.49</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">10.055</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Texas</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">78.45</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">11.894</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">New Mexico</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">78.43</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">8.114</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Delaware</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">78.36</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">7.056</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Wyoming</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">78.34</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">23.940</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Alaska</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">78.29</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">22.629</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Michigan</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">78.23</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">7.031</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Puerto Rico</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">78.18</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2.543</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Qatar</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">78.15</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">18.623</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Guam</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">78.10</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">5.682</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Nevada</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">78.05</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">5.997</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Brunei</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">77.99</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">9.397</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">North Carolina</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">77.81</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">7.081</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Ohio</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">77.75</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">8.391</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Indiana</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">77.61</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">11.163</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Missouri</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">77.54</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">8.089</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">New Caledonia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">77.47</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">4.221</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Czech Republic</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">77.42</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3.955</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Georgia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">77.23</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">8.039</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Albania</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">76.98</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.067</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">South Carolina</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">76.95</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">8.921</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Panama</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">76.95</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2.180</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Maldives</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">76.79</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.929</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Mexico</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">76.69</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.634</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Uruguay</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">76.62</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.586</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">United Arab Emirates</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">76.60</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">18.121</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">District of Columbia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">76.53</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">7.761</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Croatia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">76.48</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2.194</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Tennessee</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">76.30</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">8.946</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Bahrain</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">76.26</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">11.793</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Poland</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">76.25</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2.653</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Oman</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">76.05</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">8.040</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Kentucky</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">75.97</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">11.441</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Arkansas</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">75.96</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">9.601</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Oklahoma</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">75.88</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">10.584</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Bosnia and Herzegovina</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">75.81</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2.200</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Louisiana</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">75.71</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">22.604</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">French Polynesia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">75.69</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.676</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Argentina</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">75.66</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2.156</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Ecuador</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">75.65</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.014</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Estonia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">75.43</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.579</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Alabama</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">75.42</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">10.256</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">West Virginia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">75.40</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">9.979</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Antigua and Barbuda</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">75.33</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2.956</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Vietnam</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">75.31</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.570</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Slovakia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">75.11</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3.543</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Saudi Arabia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">75.08</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">8.148</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl7025162" height="20" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Mississippi</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7125162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">74.96</span></td><td align="right" class="xl7225162" style="color: #c65911; font-style: italic; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">10.029</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Aruba</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">74.95</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3.699</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">China</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">74.89</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.798</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Syria</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">74.87</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.152</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Barbados</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">74.80</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.703</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Libya</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">74.79</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3.867</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Macedonia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">74.72</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.519</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Tunisia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">74.60</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.740</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Bahamas, The</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">74.59</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3.951</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Malaysia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">74.50</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2.709</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Montenegro</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">74.42</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2.061</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Saint Lucia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">74.41</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.960</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Serbia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">74.34</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2.434</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Armenia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">74.22</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.111</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Turkey</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">74.21</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.454</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Hungary</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">74.21</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2.656</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Venezuela</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">74.17</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2.988</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Kuwait</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">74.16</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">13.257</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Peru</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">73.91</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.767</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Cape Verde</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">73.86</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.273</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Thailand</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">73.81</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.704</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Nicaragua</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">73.80</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.325</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Sri Lanka</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">73.76</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.291</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Georgia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">73.67</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.054</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Bulgaria</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">73.51</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2.607</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Latvia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">73.48</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.939</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Romania</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">73.46</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.625</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Jordan</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">73.44</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.269</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Colombia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">73.37</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.783</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Belize</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">73.27</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.960</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Lithuania</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">73.27</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.831</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Seychelles</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">73.20</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">4.121</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Iran</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">73.13</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3.021</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Brazil</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">73.08</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.475</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Mauritius</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">72.97</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.399</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Honduras</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">72.85</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.418</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Jamaica</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">72.85</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.000</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Dominican Republic</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">72.79</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.742</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Palestinian Territories (West Bank and Gaza)</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">72.64</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.299</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Samoa</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">72.41</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.375</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Grenada</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">72.34</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.927</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">72.18</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.785</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Tonga</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">72.18</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.602</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Paraguay</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">72.03</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.729</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">El Salvador</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">71.63</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.519</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Guatemala</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">71.00</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.396</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Vanuatu</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">70.84</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.182</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Greenland</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">70.84</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">6.004</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Cambodia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">70.64</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.107</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Algeria</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">70.62</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.312</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Egypt</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">70.45</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.017</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Azerbaijan</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">70.45</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.561</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Belarus</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">70.40</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2.940</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Suriname</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">70.34</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2.028</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Ukraine</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">70.27</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2.801</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Morocco</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">70.17</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.582</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Indonesia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">70.17</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.649</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Kosovo</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">69.90</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.484</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Trinidad and Tobago</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">69.60</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">19.358</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Bangladesh</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">69.49</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.153</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Fiji</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">69.38</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.674</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Kyrgyzstan</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">69.30</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.940</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Korea, North</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">68.90</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.850</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Russia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">68.86</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">5.309</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Iraq</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">68.83</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.298</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Moldova</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">68.46</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.819</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Kazakhstan</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">68.30</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">3.452</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Philippines</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">68.23</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.307</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Kiribati</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">67.88</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.220</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Uzbekistan</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">67.86</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1.781</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Nepal</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">67.10</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.073</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Solomon Islands</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">67.07</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.138</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Bhutan</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">67.00</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2.076</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Tajikistan</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">67.00</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.654</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Laos</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">66.90</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.293</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Mongolia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">66.89</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.792</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Bolivia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">66.32</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.615</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Pakistan</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">66.13</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.357</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Timor-Leste (East Timor)</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">65.94</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.061</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Sao Tome and Principe</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">65.85</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.275</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">India</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">65.69</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.491</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Turkmenistan</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">65.02</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">5.059</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Burma (Myanmar)</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">64.58</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.114</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Madagascar</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">63.35</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.040</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Senegal</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">62.84</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.187</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Yemen</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">62.53</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.389</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Namibia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">62.48</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.747</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Gabon</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">62.29</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.812</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Rwanda</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">62.21</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.028</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Papua New Guinea</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">62.01</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.243</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Haiti</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">61.87</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.081</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Ethiopia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">61.47</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.040</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Eritrea</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">61.19</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.042</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Mauritania</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">61.02</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.219</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Ghana</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">60.60</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.208</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Djibouti</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">60.29</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.567</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Comoros</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">60.20</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.066</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Sudan and South Sudan</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">59.73</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.177</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Afghanistan</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">59.60</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.106</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Kenya</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">59.55</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.138</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Liberia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">59.43</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.052</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Tanzania</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">59.18</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.069</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Benin</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">58.75</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.205</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Gambia, The</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">58.13</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.097</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Uganda</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">57.30</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.050</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Congo (Brazzaville)</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">57.20</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.445</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Niger</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">56.99</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.031</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Togo</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">55.47</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.138</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Guinea</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">55.30</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.059</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Burkina Faso</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">55.01</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.042</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Zambia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">54.53</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.260</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">South Africa</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">54.39</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2.910</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Somalia</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">54.02</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.030</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Mali</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">53.77</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.021</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Cameroon</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">53.69</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.163</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Zimbabwe</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">53.59</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.348</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Guinea-Bissau</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">53.56</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.090</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Malawi</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">53.47</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.050</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Burundi</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">52.62</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.012</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Equatorial Guinea</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">51.53</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">2.638</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Nigeria</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">51.29</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.126</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Angola</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">50.65</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.422</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Chad</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">49.77</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.009</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">49.68</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.147</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Mozambique</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">49.14</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.208</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Congo (Kinshasa)</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">48.99</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.042</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Swaziland</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">48.35</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.340</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Central African Republic</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">48.10</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.032</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Lesotho</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">47.48</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.199</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Botswana</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">46.44</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.923</span></td></tr>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15pt;"><td class="xl6425162" height="20" style="color: #0070c0; font-weight: 700; height: 15pt; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Sierra Leone</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6525162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">44.84</span></td><td align="right" class="xl6625162" style="color: #0070c0; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">0.050</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<i><span style="font-family: inherit;">Sources:</span></i><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Energy Information Administration. (2015). <i>International Energy Statistics</i>. Washington, DC: Energy Information Administration. [Data at <a href="http://j.mp/TETPB_Countries">http://j.mp/TETPB_Countries</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Energy Information Administration. (2015). <i>State Energy Data System (SEDS): 1960-2013 (Complete)</i>. Washington, DC: Energy Information Administration. [Data at <a href="http://j.mp/EIA_SEDS">http://j.mp/EIA_SEDS</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Lewis, K., & Burd-Sharps, S. (2013). <i>The Measure of America 2013-2014</i>. New York, NY: Measure of America. [Full-text at <a href="http://www.measureofamerica.org/measure_of_america2013-2014/">http://www.measureofamerica.org/measure_of_america2013-2014/</a>]</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
Ministry of the Interior, R.O.C. (2014). <i>Life Tables for Republic of China</i>. Taipei, Taiwan: Ministry of the Interior, R.O.C. [Data at <a href="http://j.mp/Taiwan_LE">http://j.mp/Taiwan_LE</a>]<br />
<br />
World Bank. (2015). <i>Life expectancy at birth, total (years)</i>. Washington, DC: The World Bank. [Data at <a href="http://j.mp/WB_LE">http://j.mp/WB_LE</a>]Hun Parkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13323463050165224488noreply@blogger.com0