Comparison of Global CO2 Emissions Estimates by GCP, IEA, BP, EDGAR, and US EIA (1990-2012)

How do different institutions' estimates of global carbon dioxide emissions compare?

Table. Global CO₂ emissions (unit: million tonnes of CO₂)

	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
GCP	22,450	22,780	22,586	22,579	22,960	23,443	23,971	24,371	24,341	24,220	24,788	25,382
IEA (sectoral approach)	20,989	21,143	21,074	21,170	21,301	21,851	22,423	22,666	22,778	22,928	23,759	23,980
IEA (reference approach)	21,546	21,488	21,363	21,526	21,624	22,112	22,637	22,837	22,857	23,297	23,982	24,192
BP	22,606	22,574	22,665	22,666	22,950	23,464	24,090	24,359	24,393	24,723	25,382	25,597
EDGAR (EC JRC & PBL)	22,667	22,690	22,584	22,796	22,950	23,619	24,219	24,390	24,589	24,797	25,361	25,449
US EIA	21,523	21,432	21,347	21,502	21,649	22,010	22,508	23,044	23,146	23,459	24,150	24,244
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
GCP	25,635	27,174	28,606	29,654	30,669	31,387	32,183	32,025	33,590	34,663	35,420
IEA (sectoral approach)	24,359	25,439	26,628	27,501	28,332	29,268	29,478	28,966	30,509	31,342
IEA (reference approach)	24,681	25,764	27,188	27,965	28,848	29,591	29,951	29,729	31,545	32,332
BP	26,068	27,254	28,603	29,453	30,320	31,197	31,540	31,100	32,840	33,743	34,466
EDGAR (EC JRC & PBL)	26,066	27,187	28,552	29,346	30,345	31,410	31,962	31,574	32,992	33,986	34,453
US EIA	24,925	25,989	27,134	28,262	29,029	29,733	30,256	30,236	31,502	32,579

Note: Original carbon contents of CO₂ emissions in the GCP estimates were multiplied by a conversion factor (= 44.0095/12.0107) to make CO₂-equivalent numbers.

References:

Global Carbon Project	Le Quéré, C., Peters, G. P., Andres, R. J., Andrew, R. M., Boden, T., Ciais, P., . . . Yue, C. (2013). Global Carbon Budget 2013. Earth System Science Data Discussions, 6(2), 689-760. [Full-text at http://j.mp/GCP2013; Data at http://j.mp/GCP2013Data]
International Energy Agency	IEA. (2013). CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion 2013: Highlights. Paris, France: IEA Publications. [Full-text at http://j.mp/IEA2013; Data at http://j.mp/IEA2013Data]
BP	BP. (2013). BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2013. London, UK: BP, plc. [Full-text at http://j.mp/BP2013Text; Data at http://j.mp/BP2013Data]
Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EC JRC & PBL)	Olivier, J. G. J., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Muntean, M., & Peters, J. A. H. W. (2013). Trends in Global CO2 Emissions: 2013 Report. The Hague, The Netherlands: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. [Full-text at http://j.mp/EDGAR2013; Data at http://j.mp/EDGAR2013Data]
U.S. Energy Information Administration	US EIA. (2013). Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Consumption of Energy. In US EIA, International Energy Statistics. Washington, DC: U.S. Energy Information Administration. [Data at http://j.mp/EIA2013Data]